Table.
Characteristics of participants at baseline
| Discovery cohort (n=78) | Confirmatory cohort (n=107) | All participants (n=185) | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (%) | ||||
| Male | 18 (23%) | 39 (36%) | 57 (31%) | 0·052 |
| Female | 60 (77%) | 68 (64%) | 128 (69%) | .. |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median | 85 (79–91) | 83 (75–89) | 83 (76–90) | 0·13 |
| Range | 65–101 | 65–103 | 65–103 | .. |
| Age distribution, years (%) | ||||
| 65–79 | 8 (10%) | 14 (13%) | 22 (12%) | 0·23 |
| 70–79 | 13 (17%) | 30 (28%) | 43 (23%) | .. |
| 80–89 | 36 (46%) | 38 (36%) | 74 (40%) | .. |
| ≥90 | 21 (27%) | 25 (23%) | 46 (25%) | .. |
| Race or ethnic group (%)* | ||||
| White | 68 (87%) | 98 (92%) | 166 (90%) | 0·077 |
| Black | 4 (5%) | 7 (7%) | 11 (6%) | .. |
| Asian | 4 (5%) | .. | 4 (2%) | .. |
| Middle Eastern | 2 (3%) | .. | 2 (1%) | .. |
| Latin American | .. | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | .. |
| Indigenous | .. | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | .. |
| Clinical Frailty Scale† | ||||
| Mean | 6·6 (1·07) | 6·5 (1·14) | 6·5 (1·03) | .. |
| Range | 2–8 | 1–8 | 1–8 | .. |
| Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (%) | ||||
| Yes | 49 (63%) | 37 (35%) | 86 (46%) | <0·0001 |
| No | 29 (37%) | 70 (65%) | 99 (54%) | .. |
| Previous coexisting disease (%)* | ||||
| Cognitive impairment | 68 (87%) | 77 (72%) | 145 (78%) | 0·013 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 57 (73%) | 88 (82%) | 145 (78%) | 0·14 |
| History of cancer | 10 (13%) | 14 (13%) | 24 (13%) | 0·96 |
| Diabetes | 19 (24%) | 32 (30%) | 51 (28%) | 0·40 |
| Chronic lung disease | 23 (29%) | 49 (46%) | 72 (39%) | 0·03 |
| Participant with at least one of the above comorbidities | 76 (97%) | 105 (98%) | 181 (98%) | 1·00 |
| Vaccine‡ | ||||
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | 18 (23%) | 47 (44%) | 65 (35%) | 0·0018 |
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) | 13 (17%) | 23 (21%) | 36 (19%) | .. |
| mRNA-1273 followed by BNT162b2 | 47 (60%) | 37 (35%) | 84 (45%) | .. |
Data are n (%), unless otherwise indicated. In the discovery cohort (the first cohort), blood samples were collected before administration of the first vaccine dose and longitudinally thereafter. In the confirmatory cohort (the second cohort), blood samples were only collected from the t2 timepoint (4 weeks after the first dose) onwards.
*
Race or ethnic group and previous coexisting disease were recorded in the participants' medical health records.
†
Clinical Frailty Scale between 1 (very fit) and 9 (terminally ill).
‡
Homologous vaccination consisted of both doses being either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2, while heterologous vaccination consisted of mRNA-1273 followed by BNT162b2.