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. 2022 Feb 17;28(2):283–294. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01682-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, Anti-αGal and anti-Neu5Gc IgG levels, as measured by ELISA, in the B1, B2 and A groups at inclusion and for the full cohorts (mean ± s.e.m.; anti-αGal/Neu5Gc at inclusion: n = 604, 845, 144/605, 874, 170; in full cohort: n = 2,461, 2,344, 144/2,484, 1,860, 170, respectively in groups B1, B2 and A; Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test; ***P = 0.0004). b, Time course of anti-αGal and anti-Neu5Gc IgG in group B1 BHV patients versus controls (mean ± s.e.m.; anti-αGal n = 2,007/456 and anti-Neu5Gc n = 2,027/459 of BHV/controls, respectively; two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test; anti-αGal, ****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0004; anti-Neu5Gc, ****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0002, *P = 0.019). c, Anti-αGal and anti-Neu5Gc IgG levels in patients with calcified native valves (n = 479; group B1 MHV/BHV candidate patients at inclusion) or patients with calcified BHVs (n = 170; group A patients at inclusion) compared to patients with normally functioning native valves (n = 59; group B1 patients with CABG; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli to correct for multiple comparisons by controlling the FDR < 0.05).