Table 3.
Odds ratios assessing the association of predictors with upgrade of clinically significant prostate cancer from mixed-effects logistic regression models at the gland level
| Predictors | Category | Rate of upgrade | Odds ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate model | ||||
| US target | Absent | 60/326 (18.4%) | 0.64 (95% CI 0.44–0.93) | 0.02 |
| Present | 75/592 (12.7%) | |||
| Concordant US/MRI lesions | Absent | 78/492 (15.9%) | 0.82 (95% CI 0.57–1.19) | 0.29 |
| Present | 57/426 (13.4%) | |||
| PSA density (ng/ml2) | < 0.15 | 68/503 (13.5%) | 1.23 (95% CI 0.85–1.78) | 0.26 |
| ≥ 0.15 | 67/415 (16.1%) | |||
| Known history of PCa | None | 62/425 (14.6%) | Ref | ref |
| Low-grade PCa | 52/384 (13.5%) | 0.92 (95% CI 0.62–1.36) | 0.67 | |
| High-grade PCa | 21/100 (19.3%) | 1.40 (95% CI 0.81–2.41) | 0.23 | |
| Highest PIRADS score | 2 | 0/2 (0.0%) | – | 0.98 |
| 3 | 23/195 (11.8%) | ref | ref | |
| 4 | 74/419 (17.7%) | 1.60 (95% CI 0.97–2.65) | 0.07 | |
| 5 | 38/302 (12.6%) | 1.08 (95% CI 0.62–1.87) | 0.79 | |
| Age | – | – | 1.01 (95% CI 0.99–1.04) | 0.30 |
| Gland volume | – | – | 1.00 (95% CI 1.00–1.01) | 0.24 |
| Multivariate model | ||||
| Presence of US target | – | – | 0.62 (95% CI 0.43–0.90) | 0.01 |
| PSA density | – | – | 1.31 (95% CI 0.91–1.90) | 0.15 |
| Age | – | – | 1.02 (95% CI 0.99–1.04) | 0.25 |