Table 4.
Glossary of sleep terms included in the review.
| Term | Abbreviation | Definitions |
|---|---|---|
| Actigraphy | A non-invasive technique that measures physical activity levels of a subject by means of a wristwatch-like motion-sensing device that can be worn for prolonged periods of time. Its use is considered useful to diagnose CRSWDs, insomnia and other sleep disorders (i.e., OSA, restless legs syndrome) | |
| Apnea-Hypopnea index | AHI | A diagnostic tool for determining the presence and severity of OSA. It represents the average number of apneas and hypopneas by hour during sleep |
| Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders | CRSWDs | Chronic or recurrent patterns of sleep-wake rhythm disruption primarily caused by an alteration in the endogenous circadian timing system or misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule |
| Cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia | CBTi | A short, structured, and evidence-based approach to improve symptoms of insomnia, by identifying and replacing thoughts and behaviors that cause or worsen sleep problems |
| Epworth sleepiness scale | ESS | A subjective questionnaire to measure daytime sleepiness in the past month |
| Home sleep apnea test | HSAT | An alternative simplified medical test for the diagnosis of OSA in uncomplicated adults presenting with signs and symptoms that indicate an increased risk of moderate to severe OSA. It does not include electroencephalography, electrooculogram, and electromyography |
| Maintenance wakefulness test | MWT | An objective measure of daytime vigilance that is used to quantify changes in the ability to stay awake |
| Morningness–Eveningness questionnaire | MEQ | A self-assessment tool that can provide details regarding an individual's subjective timing preferences |
| Multiple sleep latency test | MSLT | An objective measure of daytime sleepiness that is used to measure physiological sleep tendency in the absence of alerting factors among 5 diurnal naps. MSL (mean sleep latency) is the mean of each sleep latency |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | OSA | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that involves a decrease or complete halt in airflow despite an ongoing effort to breathe |
| Pittsburgh sleep quality index | PSQI | A self-rated, subjective, questionnaire to evaluate sleep quality, and disturbances over a 1-month time interval |
| Polysomnography | PSG | A comprehensive sleep study including electroencephalography, electrooculogram, chin and leg electromyography, body position, airflow, respiratory movement, oxygen saturation. PSG is considered the “gold standard” of sleep study |
| Positive airway pressure | PAP | PAP is the first-choice treatment for OSA involving devices to maintain upper airway patency by increasing the upper airway pressure |
| Sleep onset REM periods | SOREMPs | REM sleep period occurring ≤15 min after the onset of sleep on an overnight PSG or MSLT |
| Stop-BANG questionnaire | Stop-BANG | An easy to use, concise, effective, and reliable OSA screening tool including Snoring, Tiredness, Observed aPnea, high BP, BMI, Age, Neck circumference, and male Gender |