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. 2022 Feb 9;10:814766. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.814766

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Copyright © 2022 Jang, Yang, Maeng, Joo, Kim, Rhee and Sohn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Zn 2p, In 3d, VB, Ga 2p, and O 1s XPS profiles for ZnO_NR, In(240s)/ZnO_NR, GZO/In(240s)/ZnO_NR with GZO thicknesses of 10, 100, and 800 s. The interfacial energy level alignments for ZnO_NR, In(240s)/ZnO_NR, and GZO(800s)/In(240s)/ZnO_NR samples.