Alzheimer’s disease (AD) |
Multipoint off-resonance (Ridha et al., 2007; Kiefer et al., 2009; Giulietti et al., 2012). |
Decreased hippocampal combined index MPF/[(1 - MPF)R1] (Ridha et al., 2007). Increased hippocampal MPF (Kiefer et al., 2009). No significant effect on MPF according to voxel-based analysis but a reduced forward exchange rate constant in multiple cortical regions (Giulietti et al., 2012). |
Genetic risk variants of AD |
Multipoint off-resonance (Mole et al., 2020a,b). |
Reduced MPF in the right parahippocampal cingulum (Mole et al., 2020a) and left thalamus (Mole et al., 2020b) in participants with APOE-ε4 genetic risk factor and family history of AD. |
Interferon-α induced fatigue |
Steady-state multipoint on-resonance (Dowell et al., 2016). |
No significant effect on MPF according to voxel-based analysis but an increased forward exchange rate constant in the striatum and insula (Dowell et al., 2016). |
Huntington’s disease |
Multipoint off-resonance (Bourbon-Teles et al., 2019; Casella et al., 2020). |
MPF decrease in whole-brain WM (Bourbon-Teles et al., 2019; Casella et al., 2020). Motor training induced a significant MPF increase in the corpus callosum and motor pathways (Casella et al., 2020). |
Mild traumatic brain injury |
Single-point (Petrie et al., 2014). |
Significant MPF reduction in whole-brain WM and GM (Petrie et al., 2014). |
Normal aging |
Multipoint off-resonance (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2019b; Coad et al., 2020; Mole et al., 2020a). |
Significant negative correlations between MPF and age in the fornix (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2019b; Coad et al., 2020) and whole-brain WM (Mole et al., 2020a). |
Obesity |
Multipoint off-resonance (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2019a). |
MPF in the fornix negatively correlated with markers of obesity (Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2019a). |
Brain tumors |
Multipoint off-resonance (Yarnykh, 2002; Tozer et al., 2011; Mehrabian et al., 2018a,b); steady-state multipoint on-resonance (Garcia et al., 2015); single-point (Korostyshevskaya et al., 2018). |
Variable MPF decrease relative to normal WM in all studied tumors including gliomas (Yarnykh, 2002; Tozer et al., 2011; Garcia et al., 2015; Mehrabian et al., 2018a,b), meningiomas (Garcia et al., 2015), and brain metastases (Garcia et al., 2015). Increased MPF relative to fetal brain tissue in fetal collagen-rich medulloblastoma (Korostyshevskaya et al., 2018). |
Parkinson’s disease |
Single-point and multipoint off-resonance (Trujillo et al., 2017b). |
Increased MPF in the substantia nigra, good agreement between single- and multi-point techniques (Trujillo et al., 2017b). |
Adrenomyeloneuropathy |
Multipoint off-resonance (Smith et al., 2009). |
Significantly decreased MPF in the dorsal column of the spinal cord with no differences in the lateral columns and GM (Smith et al., 2009). |
Fabry disease |
Multipoint off-resonance (Underhill et al., 2015). |
MPF reduction in left posterior brain WM, which was negatively associated with age (Underhill et al., 2015). |
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 |
Multipoint off-resonance (Leddy et al., 2021). |
Reduced MPF in WM lesions, no differences between patients and controls in NAWM (Leddy et al., 2021). |
Schizophrenia |
Multipoint off-resonance (Kiefer et al., 2004; Kalus et al., 2005); single-point (Smirnova et al., 2021; Sui et al., 2021). |
No significant effect on MPF in the hippocampus (Kiefer et al., 2004) and amygdala (Kalus et al., 2005). Significant MPF decrease in whole-brain WM and GM associated with negative symptoms. Significant negative correlation between MPF in WM and disease duration (Smirnova et al., 2021). Voxel-based patterns of variable increase and decrease in cortical MPF depending on the disease duration. Geometric non-linearity of the cortical MPF profile decreased in patients and negatively correlated with disease duration (Sui et al., 2021). |
Small vessel disease (white matter hyperintensities) |
Non-conventional estimation as MT ratio/T1 (Iordanishvili et al., 2019). |
Decreased MPF in WM hyperintensities. Periventricular hyperintensities had lower MPF than deep WM ones. A decrease in MPF corresponds to lesion severity according to Fazekas scale (Iordanishvili et al., 2019). |
Systemic inflammation |
Steady-state multipoint on-resonance (Harrison et al., 2015). |
No significant effect on MPF according to voxel-based analysis but an increased forward exchange rate constant in the insula (Harrison et al., 2015). |