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. 2022 Feb 22;12:2977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07017-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Variation in the physiological parameters and spectroscopic optical properties of Orbicella faveolata coral fragments, during the bleaching and recovery experiment (B-Re). Plots (a,d) illustrate changes (Average ± SE) in the relative excitation pressure over photosystem II (ΔQ_m = Q_{m treatment} − Q_{m control}) in: (a) colony 197 fragments (n = 37); and (d) colony 196 fragments (n = 37). Red vertical solid line represents the end of the heat stress period. Plots (b,e) compare the estimated absorbance (D_e = Ln (1/R)) at 675 nm (D_e675, Average ± SE), during the B-Re experiment, in: (b) colony 197 fragments; and (e) colony 196 fragments. Light colored symbols represent heat-stressed corals (n = 18), and dark colored symbols represent control corals (n = 19). Red vertical solid line indicates the end of the heat stress period. Plots (c,f) describe the variation in the average absorption spectra of: (c) colony 197 fragments; and (f) colony 196 fragments; on the last day of the heat stress treatment (32 °C, day 10, light green line and light blue line respectively), and during the recovery period (28 °C, days 11 to 41, dark green line and dark blue line respectively). Spectra were normalized to the maximum peak of absorption of Chla. Top panels represent the second-derivative analysis of the light absorption spectrum.