Table 4.
Adjusted associations between risk factors and asthma symptoms by multivariate analyses.
| Factors | Ever asthma | Current asthma | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | |
| Community | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.008 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.019 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.012 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.069 |
| History of allergic rhinitis | 1.86 (1.53, 2.25) | <0.001 | 1.89 (1.52, 2.34) | <0.001 |
| History of eczema | 1.30 (1.09, 1.56) | 0.004 | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 0.005 |
| History of food allergy | 1.57 (1.31, 1.89) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.37, 2.06) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics use (1st year) | 1.68 (1.41, 2.00) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.25, 1.87) | <0.001 |
| Paracetamol use (1st year) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.51) | 0.010 | 1.21 (0.99,1.48) | 0.060 |
| Frequency of paracetamol use | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| >Once/year | 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) | 0.223 | 1.29 (0.97, 1.71) | 0.077 |
| >Once/month | 1.44 (1.01, 2.04) | 0.043 | 2.06 (1.39, 3.04) | <0.001 |
| Maternal rhinitis | 2.18 (1.71, 2.78) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.48, 2.54) | <0.001 |
| Maternal asthma | 4.06 (2.57, 6.41) | <0.001 | 3.85 (2.40, 6.17) | <0.001 |
| Maternal eczema | 1.37 (0.94, 2.00) | 0.104 | 1.42 (0.93, 2.16) | 0.104 |
| Paternal rhinitis | 1.76 (1.39, 2.22) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.29, 2.16) | <0.001 |
| Paternal asthma | 4.89 (3.23, 7.40) | <0.001 | 5.91 (3.87, 9.01) | <0.001 |
| Smoking exposure at home | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 0.558 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.35) | 0.328 |
| Pets at home | 1.12 (0.88, 1.41) | 0.358 | 1.09 (0.83, 1.42) | 0.550 |
| Pets at home (1st year) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.40) | 0.614 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.52) | 0.438 |
| Dampness or mildew | 1.50 (1.15, 1.97) | 0.003 | 1.63 (1.21, 2.19) | 0.001 |
| Cleaning house | ||||
| Everyday | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Twice/week | 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) | 0.031 | 1.12 (0.89, 1.40) | 0.334 |
| Once/week | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 0.006 | 1.24 (0.98, 1.57) | 0.080 |
| Once/two week | 1.59 (1.04, 2.43) | 0.031 | 1.49 (0.92, 2.41) | 0.108 |
| Once/month | 1.24 (0.70, 2.20) | 0.458 | 1.62 (0.90, 2.91) | 0.111 |
| < Once/month | 1.36 (0.70, 2.63) | 0.362 | 1.20 (0.56, 2.55) | 0.641 |
| Truck traffic in home's street | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Occasionally | 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) | 0.193 | 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) | 0.862 |
| Frequently | 1.17 (0.87, 1.58) | 0.304 | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 0.582 |
| Almost always | 1.32 (0.89, 1.96) | 0.172 | 1.22 (0.78, 1.90) | 0.388 |
| Floor heating system | 1.57 (1.25, 1.98) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.04, 1.78) | 0.025 |
| Floor | ||||
| Solid wood | 0.98 (0.71, 1.35) | 0.900 | 0.94 (0.66, 1.35) | 0.741 |
| Laminated flooring | 1.06 (0.75, 1.49) | 0.730 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.39) | 0.762 |
| Emulsion paint | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) | 0.098 | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.999 |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; 1st year, in the first year of life. Odds ratios shown in the table were adjusted for all other risk/protective factors listed by multivariate logistic regression. Bold font means statistical significance (p < 0.05).