Figure 6.

Putative model highlighting IR targeting by CM. Overall, our recent studies on the effect of CM on IR demonstrates the positive action of CM proteins/peptides on IR activity and its downstream signaling pathways. At the molecular level, our data exclude the direct binding of CM proteins/peptides on the insulin's binding site (orthosteric site) in IR. However, CM might plausibly activate IR either through an allosteric binding site leading to the positive modulation of IR and its related signaling pathways (1), or via a binding to another unknown receptor (2) that may synergistically/allosterically crosstalk or transactivates IR (3).