TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Intervention, high-intensity IMT (n = 22) | Control, sham low-intensity IMT (n = 19) | ||
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| Mean SD | Mean SD | p-value | |
| Sex (male/female), n | 13/9 | 9/10 | 0.54 |
| Age, years | 52 ± 18 | 64 ± 7 | 0.01 |
| Heigth, cm | 170 ± 11 | 170 ± 8 | 0.91 |
| Weight, kg | 72 ± 21 | 67 ± 17 | 0.40 |
| BMI | 24.7 ± 5.9 | 23.1 ± 5.1 | 0.35 |
| Admitted to, n | |||
| Surgical ICU | 17 | 17 | |
| Medical ICU | 5 | 2 | |
| Diagnosis, n | |||
| Transplantation | 14 | 9 | |
| Lung | 11 | 9 | |
| Lung and kidney | 1 | 0 | |
| Lung and liver | 1 | 0 | |
| Liver and kidney | 1 | 0 | |
| Lung volume reduction surgery | 0 | 1 | |
| Pneumonia | 4 | 2 | |
| Cardiac failure | 2 | 3 | |
| Hematologic | 1 | 0 | |
| Esophageal surgery | 0 | 1 | |
| Maxillofacial surgery | 1 | 0 | |
| Polytrauma | 0 | 1 | |
| Organophosphate intoxication | 0 | 1 | |
| COPD, n | 3 | 4 | 0.68 |
| APACHE-II score, /60 | 19 ± 8 | 20 ± 6 | 0.87 |
| Start IMT, ET-tube/cannula | 5/17 | 1/18 | 0.19 |
| PImax, cmH2O | 32 ± 12 | 35 ± 11 | 0.67 |
| %pred. | 33 ± 13 | 41 ± 15 | 0.18 |
| FVC, liter | 0.83 ± 0.29 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 0.35 |
| %pred. | 22 ± 7 | 31 ± 12 | 0.01 |
| Peak inspiratory flow, L/s | 0.98 ± 0.29 | 1.04 ± 0.25 | 0.57 |
| MV before 1st SA, days | 17 ± 24 | 9 ± 8 | 0.21 |
| MV before start IMT, days | 26 ± 24 | 27 ± 15 | 0.87 |
| Ventilator support at inclusion | |||
| Ventilator mode, n | |||
| CPAP | 16 | 15 | |
| BIPAP | 1 | 1 | |
| NAVA | 4 | 1 | |
| FiO2, % | 28 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 0.25 |
| PEEP, cmH2O | 6 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 0.09 |
| PS, cmH2O | 8 ± 4 | 7 ± 3 | 0.60 |
| NAVA level, cmH2O/μV | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 3 |
IMT, inspiratory muscle training; BMI, body mass index; ICU, intensive care unit; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; APACHE-II score, severity-of-disease classification; IMT, inspiratory muscle training; ET-tube, endotracheal tube; PImax, maximal inspiratory pressure; FVC, forced vital capacity; MV, mechanical ventilation; SA, separation attempt,; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; BIPAP, bi-level positive airway pressure; NAVA, neurally adjusted ventilator assist; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PS, pressure support; SD, standard deviation. Significance level: p-value < 0.05.