TABLE 5.
Changes in inspiratory muscles oxygenation parameters during the standardized loaded breathing tasks.
| Intervention group n = 22 | Control group n = 19 | Between group comparison | |||||||
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| Pre | Post | Estimated mean difference (post–pre) |
Pre | Post | Estimated mean difference (post–pre) |
Multivariate effect | |||
| Mean SD | Mean SD | Mean | 95%CI | Mean SD | Mean SD | Mean | 95%CI | p-value | |
| Changes in scalene muscle oxygenation parameters | |||||||||
| Δ Oxygenated [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 1.9 ± 5.5 | 6.6 ± 5.4 | +4.7 | 1,6; 7,9* | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 5.6 ± 5.0 | +1.7 | −1.8; 5.2 | 0.28 |
| Δ Deoxygenated [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 2.8 ± 3.9 | 6.5 ± 6.4 | +3.7 | 0.7; 6.7* | 4.7 ± 4.1 | 5.3 ± 3.9 | +0.7 | −2.7; 4.0 | 0.22 |
| Δ Total [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 4.6 ± 9.2 | 13.0 ± 11.1 | +8.4 | 2.5; 14.2* | 8.4 ± 7.6 | 10.9 ± 8.6 | +2.5 | −4.0; 9.0 | 0.24 |
| Δ Stio2, % | −3.2 ± 2.4 | −1.6 ± 1.9 | +1.5 | −0.3; 3.3 | −3.5 ± 3.7 | −3.1 ± 3.6 | +0.4 | −1.6; 2.5 | 0.30 |
| Δ Stio2 nadir, % | −4.0 ± 3.5 | −2.3 ± 1.8 | +1.8 | 0.1; 3.5* | −4.1 ± 2.4 | −3.5 ± 2.8 | +0.6 | −1.3; 2.5 | 0.30 |
| Δ Stio2 nadir/mean PoB, %/watt | −15.1 ± 13.8 | −6.9 ± 6.4 | +8.3 | 0.9; 15.6* | −18.4 ± 15.4 | −10.2 ± 8.2 | +8.2 | 0.1; 16.3* | 0.41 |
| Changes in sternocleidomastoid muscle oxygenation parameters | |||||||||
| Δ Oxygenated [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 2.8 ± 4.6 | 2.9 ± 3.3 | +0.1 | −2.8; 3.0 | 3.6 ± 5.9 | 3.6 ± 4.8 | +0.0 | −3.3; 3.4 | 0.73 |
| Δ Deoxygenated [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 4.2 ± 3.9 | 3.5 ± 3.7 | −0.8 | −3.2; 1.6 | 4.6 ± 4.4 | 4.5 ± 3.2 | −0.2 | −2.9; 2.6 | 0.67 |
| Δ Total [Hb + Mb], μ mol/L | 7.1 ± 6.9 | 6.4 ± 6.3 | −0.7 | −5.4; 4.0 | 8.1 ± 9.7 | 8.1 ± 7.4 | 0.0 | −5.4; 5.5 | 0.72 |
| Δ Stio2, % | −4.4 ± 4.2 | −2.5 ± 3.0 | +1.8 | −0.6; 4.3 | −4.5 ± 4.0 | −5.2 ± 4.3 | −0.7 | −3.5; 2.2 | 0.09 |
| Δ Stio2 nadir, % | −5.7 ± 6.1 | −3.4 ± 3.2 | +2.3 | −0.6; 5.2 | −5.7 ± 4.5 | −6.7 ± 4.1 | −1.0 | −4.3; 2.4 | 0.02 |
| Δ Stio2 nadir/mean PoB, %/watt | −27.9 ± 55.2 | −9.6 ± 12.1 | +18.4 | −1.4; 38.1 | −21.0 ± 13.2 | −17.3 ± 10.4 | +3.7 | −18.7; 26.0 | < 0.01 |
Changes from rest of scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles in oxygenation parameters during the standard loaded breathing task at the initiation (pre) and end (post) of the inspiratory muscle training period. Data of posttest missing in one patient in the intervention group and two patients in the control group. Oxygenated [Hb + Mb], oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin; deoxygenated [Hb + Mb], deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin; total [Hb + Mb], total hemoglobin and myoglobin; StiO2, muscle oxygen saturation index; SD, standard deviation. CI, confidence interval. *Significance level: p-value < 0.05.