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. 2022 Feb 9;10:755260. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.755260

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Copyright © 2022 Zhu, Ye, Cai, Li, Fan and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biocompatibility of 3D cell culture system composed of icariin-loaded hydrogels on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes. (A) BMSC proliferation at days 1, 4, and 7. (B) Calcein AM/PI staining of BMSCs at day 3. The green signal represents live cells, whereas the red signal represents dead cells. (C) Quantitative analysis of the survival rates of BMSCs according to Calcein AM/PI staining. (D) Chondrocyte proliferation at days 1, 4 and 7. (E) Calcein AM/PI staining of chondrocytes at day 3. The green signal represents live cells, whereas the red signal represents dead cells. (F) Quantitative analysis of the survival rates of chondrocytes according to Calcein AM/PI staining (*p < .05 compared with the NC group; ^# p < .05 compared with the PHa Group; ^& p < .05 and ^&& p < .01 compared with the PHa@I-L Group; ^‡ p < .05 and ^‡‡ p < .01 compared with the PHa@I-M Group, n = 3).