Supplementary figure 2.

The correlation between effect size and sample size for the Mann–Whitney U test before correction. A. Validating the correlation between effect size and test sample size by sampling background samples and variable test samples (x-axis) from all genes randomly in three cell types of datasets. The three cell types of datasets are highlighted in different colors. And all tests are not significant in the random experiments (FDR ≥ 10%). This simulation result shows that the effect size is strongly correlated with the test sample size. B. An additional effect size correction step to remove the effect of sample size by calculating the adjusted effect size as z-score according to the distribution of effect size. This plot shows the adjusted effect size after correction.