. 2022 Feb 10;31(2):261–269. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8741

Table 2.

Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models of Having Any Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy Diagnosis Claim Among the Alabama Medicaid Maternity Population, Presented as Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals, 2017

	County intercept only	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3^a
	n = 29,931	n = 29,931	n = 29,931	n = 29,925
Sociodemographic
Age
<19		0.87 (0.76–1.00)	0.86 (0.75–0.99)	0.87 (0.75–1.00)
19–24		ref.	ref.	ref.
25–29		1.19 (1.11–1.27)	1.10 (1.02–1.17)	1.10 (1.03–1.18)
30–34		1.63 (1.50–1.77)	1.39 (1.28–1.52)	1.40 (1.29–1.52)
>34		2.46 (2.21–2.73)	2.00 (1.79–2.24)	2.02 (1.80–2.25)
Race/ethnicity^b
White		ref.	ref.	ref.
Black		1.30 (1.22–1.39)	1.25 (1.16–1.33)	1.24 (1.16–1.33)
Hispanic		0.54 (0.44–0.67)	0.55 (0.44–0.68)	0.55 (0.44–0.68)
Other		0.93 (0.82–1.06)	0.96 (0.85–1.09)	0.96 (0.85–1.10)
Eligibility type^c
MLIF		ref.	ref.	ref.
SOBRA		1.02 (0.96–1.08)	1.09 (1.02–1.15)	1.08 (1.02–1.15)
CHIP		1.15 (0.96–1.37)	1.20 (1.01–1.44)	1.20 (1.00–1.44)
Disability		1.54 (1.36–1.74)	1.28 (1.12–1.46)	1.28 (1.12–1.46)
Clinical^d
Obesity			2.99 (2.78–3.21)	2.99 (2.79–3.22)
Preexisting diabetes			2.26 (1.91–2.67)	2.26 (1.90–2.67)
Gestational diabetes			1.62 (1.46–1.78)	1.61 (1.46–1.78)
Any mental health condition			1.27 (1.19–1.36)	1.27 (1.19–1.36)
Care
Trimester PNC entry^e
First				ref.
Second				1.10 (1.03–1.18)
Third				0.96 (0.85–1.09)
None				0.72 (0.55–0.95)
Additional county effects
County Medicaid enrollment^f
Low				ref.
Medium				1.09 (0.90–1.32)
High				1.10 (0.93–1.30)
Fit statistics
Level 2 intercept	0.064^* (0.015)	0.058^* (0.014)	0.053^* (0.014)	0.051^* (0.013)
−2 log likelihood	31,406.24^**	30,858.71^**	29,476.54^**	29,453.35^**

Source: Alabama Medicaid administrative claims, 2017.

Bold text indicates odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals that do not include the null value of 1.

^{^*}

p < 0.0001; ^**likelihood ratio test significant; ICC = 0.019; values based on SAS PROC GLIMMIX nested at the maternal residence county level; level 2 intercept entries show county-level parameter estimates with standard errors in parentheses; estimation method = laplace, distribution = binary, link = logit; outcome modeled: having any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy diagnosis code (ICD-9-CM: “642” and ICD-10-CM: “O10, O11, O12, O13, O14, O15, and O16”).

^{^a}

Best fitting model.

^{^b}

Non-Hispanic unless otherwise noted.

^{^c}

MLIF: household income below 18% FPL for parents and caretakers only; SOBRA: household income below 146% FPL if pregnant; CHIP: household income below 317% FPL if <19 years of age; disability: encompasses individuals on Supplemental Security Income or disability or other unspecified category.

^{^d}

Captured using corresponding ICD-9 and ICD-10-CM diagnosis and procedure codes.

^{^e}

Prenatal care entry adjusted for observations with a preterm birth claim to account for shorter gestation.

^{^f}

Low (<25%), medium (25%–29%), and high (>29%) based on proportion of county residents insured by Medicaid for at least 1 month during 2017.

ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient.