Table 3. Rate Ratios Preimplementation and Postimplementation by Order Set Use.
| Characteristic | Hospitalizations, No. (%)a | Difference in differences | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With use of order set | Without use of order set | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted RR (95% CI)b |
P value | |||||
| Before implementation (n = 8237) | After implementation (n = 4652) | P value | Before implementation (n = 6301) | After implementation (n = 3709) | P value | |||||
| Inpatient mortality | 107 (1.3) | 93 (2.0) | .002 | 126 (2.0) | 166 (4.5) | <.001 | 0.69 (0.48-0.98) | .04 | 0.86 (0.37-1.97) | .72 |
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR), d | 2.9 (1.8-5.0) | 2.9 (1.8-4.8) | .44 | 2.8 (1.4-5.0) | 3.2 (1.9-5.9) | <.001 | 0.84 (0.78-0.91) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.58-0.86) | <.001 |
| ICU admission | 2310 (28.0) | 1229 (26.4) | .047 | 1284 (20.4) | 841 (22.7) | .007 | 0.85 (0.78-0.94) | .001 | 0.71 (0.56-0.89) | .003 |
| Readmission | 1433 (17.6) | 718 (15.7) | .007 | 1191 (19.3) | 766 (21.6) | .006 | 0.93 (0.79-1.08) | .34 | 0.80 (0.59-1.08) | .14 |
Abbreviations: COPS2, Comorbidity Point Score, version 236; ICU, intensive care unit; LAPS2, Laboratory Acute Physiology Score, version 236; LOS, length of stay; RR, rate ratio.
a
Preimplementation and postimplementation period data are presented as unadjusted number (percentage) of encounters for binary outcomes and as mean (SD) for hospital LOS.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity (COPS2) and acuity (LAPS2) scores, prior alcohol withdrawal syndrome hospitalization in the prior 6 months, observation vs inpatient admission, weekend admission, urine toxicology, and month of year and preintervention vs postimplementation time trends.