TABLE 1.

Cybersecurity threats to the 5G ecosystem with the corresponding affected healthcare applications.

Point of attack	5G security threats and attacks type [102]–[105]	Affected Healthcare Application
		Medical IoT (e.g., wearables, implantable devices, on-site equipment, home-based medical devices)	Remote Medical Procedures (e.g., telesurgery, teleconsultation, ambulance drone, telemedicine, in-ambulance treatment)	Medical Data Management (e.g., confidential health records, personally identifiable information)
Internet/Other Operator	Security Policy Conflicts		x	x
Internet	Pharming		x	x
	Trojan		x	x
	Virus		x	x
5G Central Cloud	Hijacking Attack		x	x
	Man-in-the-middle Attack		x	x
	Configuration Attack		x	x
	Saturation Attack		x	x
	Signaling Attack		x	x
5G Central Cloud/5G Edge Cloud	Slice/Resource Theft		x	x
5G Central Cloud/5G Edge Cloud/5G RAN	Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack	x	x	x
	Denial of Service (DoS) Attack	x	x	x
	Penetration Attack	x	x	x
5G RAN	Reset and IP Spoofing	x	x
	Scanning Attack	x	x
	Semantic Information Attack	x	x
	Signaling Storms/Signal Jamming	x	x
	International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Catching Attack	x	x
	Illegal Intercept	x	x
	Flash Traffic	x	x
	Fake Base Station Attack	x	x
End user	User Identity Theft	x
	Security Key Theft	x
	Advanced Malware	x
	Firmware Hacks	x
	Device Tampering	x
	Spyware	x
	IoT Botnets	x
	Ransomware	x
	Battery Draining Attack	x
	Identification Attack	x
	Privacy Breach	x