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. 2022 Feb 22;23:76. doi: 10.1186/s12882-022-02704-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Preliminary comparison of the diversity of gut microbiota between the EP group and the NG group. a The quantities and differences of ASVs among the samples are directly shown in the rarefaction curves of the Chao1 index, which tend to flatten and suggest the sufficiency and reasonableness of the sequences. b The boxplot of the Shannon index shows that there was no significant difference in ASV diversity between the EP group and NG (p = 0.88). c Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) (p < 0.001) indicated that the between-sample discrepancies in microbial structure were significant. d Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with weighted UniFrac distances (p = 0.006) shows that the distance between two points indicates a significant difference in community composition. PCoA1 and PCoA2 are used to plot the coordinate axis, and the percentages refer to the extent of variation explained. e The Venn diagram intuitively presents the number of common and exclusive ASVs between the EP group and the NG group calculated using R software