Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Authors, publication year | Country | Studies’ Settings | Home Care Setting | Objectives | Study design | Data collection/ analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cahill et al., 1997 [31] | USA | SNF (hospital-based distinct-part and free-standing) | SNF | (1) Characteristics of infection prevention and control program, (2) policies for admitting and placing of MRSA- or VRE-colonized patients, (3) educational needs for infection prevention and control programs in skilled nursing facilities | Descriptive Study | Quantitative survey among ICPs |
| Toussaint et al., 2006 [24] | Belgium | Centre for Home Mechanical Ventilation, Brusseles | Patients’ home | (1) HVC cleanliness and sterility of HVC, (2) efficiency of tubing cleaning and decontamination protocols recommended to patients | Non-randomised controlled trial | 39 used and 7 new EVAs (as control) were examined in 2 different experiments (visual and microbiological analysis) |
| Banfi et al., 2007 [29] | France | At patients’ home | Patients’ home | Effectiveness and safety of home care treatment of ARF | Non-randomised controlled trial | Daily duration of ventilation and antibiotics (supervision of GP, nurse, and chest specialist) |
| Chenoweth et al., 2007 [30] | USA | University-affiliated Home Care Services department, Michigan | Patients’ home | Characterise VAP in HMV patients: (1) rate and incidence, (2) demographic characteristics, (3) risk factors, (4) outcomes | Descriptive study | Data extraction from medical records (demographic and clinical variables) |
| Neumann et al., 2016 [25] | Germany | Nursing services (intensive care and normal care), Rhine-Main area | Not specified | (1) Prevalence of MDRO and risk factors for MDRO, (2) MDRO and MRSA-colonisation in intensive care services vs. other nursing services | Descriptive study | (1) Anamnestic survey in nursing homes, (2) microbiological analysis of throat, nasal and anal swabs |
| Prasad et al., 2016 [26] | USA | Long-term care facility in New York City | Long-term care facility | Prevalence of asymptomatic rectal colonisation with CRE or CDI in long-term care patients | Descriptive study | (1) Microbiological analysis of rectal swabs, (2) retrospective chart review for patient demographics and risk factors |
| Horvath et al., 2018 [28] | Germany | 18 intensive care SLC in Munich | SLC | (1) type of care provided in outpatient intensive care SLC in Munich, (2) grade of implementation of hygiene and emergency management | Descriptive study | (1) Structure analysis, (2) inspection of SLC, (3) review report |
| Schwerdtner et al., 2020 [27] | Germany | 3 intensive care SLC in Jena | SLC | (1) prevalence of MDRO in SLC, (2) evaluation of hygiene management in SLC | Descriptive study | (1) Occasional inspection on hygiene management, (2) microbiological analysis of devices and throat/ nasal and anal swabs, (3) structural analysis, anamnestic data on MDRO-colonisation |
ARF, acute respiratory failure,CRE carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae,CDI clostridium difficile,EVA expiratory valve,GP general practitioner,HVC home ventilation circuit,ICP infection control practitioner,VAP ventilator associated pneumonia, MDRO multidrug-resistant organisms,SLC shared living community,SNF skilled nursing facility, VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococci