Table 3.
Studies' population characteristics
| Author | Sample size | Age | Sex | Diseases, comorbid conditions and devices |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cahill et al., 1997 [31] |
444 SNF (Number of patients not specified) |
Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
| Toussaint et al., 2006 [24] | HVC of 39 patients | Not specified | Not specified | Respiratory, neurologic (functional tetraplegia with chronic alveolar hypoventilation) |
| Banfi et al., 2007 [29] | 8 patients | 61 | 63% male | ARF; comorbid conditions: respiratory (idiopathic severe kyphoscoliosis) |
| Chenoweth et al., 2007 [30] | 57 patients |
With VAP: 19 Without VAP: 14 |
With VAP: 48% male Without VAP: 43% male |
VAP; comorbid conditions: respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, diabetes mellitus, renal |
| Neumann et al., 2016 [25] |
486 patients (normal nursing service n = 466; intensive care service n = 20) |
Normal nursing service 37% (intensive care service 0%) > 85 | Normal nursing service (intensive care service): 33% (50%) male | Respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin barrier violations, renal, orthopaedic, cognitive impairment |
| Prasad et al., 2016 [26] | 301 patients | 75 | 63% female | Respiratory, cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment |
| Horvath et al., 2018 [28] | 85 patients living in 18 intensive care SLC | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
| Schwerdtner et al., 2020 [27] | 24 patients | 13% < 18 | Not specified |
Respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, skin barrier violations In total 75 devices for 24 patients |
ARF acute respiratory failure, HVC home ventilation circuits, SNF skilled nursing facility, VAP ventilator associated pneumonia