Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of newborns admitted to Rwinkwavu and Kirehe District Hospital neonatal care units from October – December 2017 (pre-intervention) and September 2018 – March 2019 (post-intervention)

Variable	Pre-intervention (N = 255)		Post-intervention (N = 793)		Bivariate analysis*
	n	%	n	%	p-value	Degrees of freedom	Test statistic
Hospital of admission					0.003	1	8.98
Kirehe	141	55.3	521	65.8
Rwinkwavu	114	44.7	272	34.3
Place of child's birth	(n = 253)		(n = 779)		0.02	3	9.56
Hospital	165	65.2	531	68.2
Health Center	70	27.7	158	20.3
Home	16	6.3	69	8.9
Other	2	0.8	21	2.7
Type of delivery	(n = 251)		(n = 767)		0.01	1	7.34
Vaginal	172	68.5	452	58.9
Caesarean section	79	31.5	315	41.1
Sex of child	(n = 210)		(n = 781)		< 0.001	1	15.73
Male	83	39.5	429	54.9
Female	127	60.5	352	45.1
Birthweight category	(n = 254)		(n = 786)		0.02	3	9.89
Extremely low birthweight, < 1000 g	13	5.1	16	2.0
Very low birthweight, < 1500 g	21	8.3	48	6.1
Low birthweight, < 2500 g	94	37.0	342	43.5
Normal birthweight, ≥ 2500 g	126	49.6	380	48.4
Prematurity category recorded in hospital register	(n = 240)		(n = 762)		0.88	1	0.02
Term	144	60.0	453	59.5
Preterm	96	40.0	309	40.6
Gestational age category (if gestational age in weeks reported)	(n = 225)		(n = 683)		0.05	3	8.02
Extremely preterm < 28 weeks	9	4.0	12	1.8
Very preterm 28–31 weeks	21	9.3	39	5.7
Moderate/late 32–36 weeks	51	22.7	179	26.2
Term 37 + weeks	144	64.0	453	66.3
Mother's Age	(n = 240)		(n = 759)		0.24	3	4.20
< 20 years	19	7.9	79	10.4
20–24 years	52	21.7	198	26.1
25–34 years	120	50.0	332	43.7
35 + years	49	20.4	150	19.8
Gravidity (# pregnancies) of mother	(n = 244)		(n = 755)		0.40	2	1.85
1 pregnancy	66	27.1	238	31.5
2–4 pregnancies	121	49.6	358	47.4
5 + pregnancies (grand multigravida)	57	23.4	159	21.1
Parity (# viable deliveries) of mother	(n = 244)		(n = 757)		0.01	2	9.73
1 delivery	79	32.4	330	43.6
2–4 deliveries	127	52.1	323	42.7
5 + deliveries (grand multiparous)	38	15.6	104	13.7
DOLa on admission					0.39	1	0.75
DOL 0	212	83.1	677	85.4
DOL 1	43	16.9	116	14.6
Diagnosis (not mutually exclusive)
Preterm, or gestational age < 37 weeks	102	40.0	308	38.8	0.74	1	0.11
LBWb, or birthweight < 2500 g	123	48.2	406	51.2	0.41	1	0.68
Infection	141	55.3	328	41.4	< 0.001	1	15.15
HIEc/asphyxia	29	11.4	70	8.8	0.23	1	1.46
Other	23	9.0	145	18.3	< 0.001	1	12.31

^aDay of Life

^bLow Birthweight

^cHypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy