Table 3.
Association between the socio-demographic characteristics and DDS of older participants in the NHES-V, Thailand
| Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95%CI) | P -value** | β (95%CI) | P -value** | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | -0.19 (-0.32, -0.06) | 0.007 | 0.03 (-0.11, 0.17) | 0.671 |
| Age (year) | ||||
| 60 - 74 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 75- 84 | -0.43 (-0.63, -0.22) | <0.001 | -0.14 (-0.36, 0.07) | 0.177 |
| ≥ 85 | -0.61 (-0.96, -0.26) | 0.002 | -0.30 (-0.69, 0.09) | 0.119 |
| Highest educational level | ||||
| No formal education | Reference | Reference | ||
| Primary education | 1.00 (0.77, 1.23) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.52, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Secondary education or higher | 1.97 (1.70, 2.23) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.04, 1.70) | <0.001 |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | Reference | Reference | ||
| Poor | 1.05 (0.79, 1.32) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.70, 1.24) | <0.001 |
| Average | 0.47 (0.25, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.30 (0.06, 0.54) | 0.016 |
| Rich | 0.78 (0.56, 1.01) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.32, 0.80) | <0.001 |
| Richest | 1.29 (1.05, 1.53) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.55, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Living condition | ||||
| Living with others | Reference | Reference | ||
| Living alone | - 0.51 (- 0.75, - 0.27) | <0.001 | - 0.27 (- 0.53, - 0.00) | 0.049 |
| Residential area | ||||
| Rural | Reference | Reference | ||
| Urban | 0.54 (0.39, 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.10, 0.44) | 0.004 |
DDS dietary diversity score, NHES-V the fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey, β beta coefficient, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
aModels included age, sex, highest educational level, wealth index, living alone, and residential area
**P-values obtained from linear regression and adjusted for complex survey design by Svy command