Van Vollenhoven 1999.

Methods	double blind RCT 6 months
Participants	Total: 19 Sex: male or female (only 3 male) Ethnicity: 33‐40% Caucasian; 11‐20% African‐American; 40‐44% other Median age:35‐39 yr Inclusion criteria: severe SLE Exclusion criteria:
Interventions	Grp 1: DHEA 200mg/dy Grp 2: placebo
Outcomes	Stated primary: stabilise major lupus manifestation SLEDAI, SLAM, HRQoL, renal proteinuria, biological SLEDAI, Prednisolone dose, Patient global VAS, Physician global VAS, Bone mineral density, other biochemical markers
Notes	Funding: NIH grant
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear

HRQoL ‐ health related quality of life including SF36 and Patient Visual analogue scores