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. 2022 Jan 15;8(1):veab107. doi: 10.1093/ve/veab107

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Hypothesis on the origin of viroids, viroid-like RNAs, retroviroids and retrozymes, and the members of the realm ribozyviria (hepatitis delta and delta-like viruses) through a modular evolutionary scenario based on the fusion of replicative modules of protoviroids, deriving from the RNA world, and RNAs of cellular origin.