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. 2022 Feb 18;60(1):467–478. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039216

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Effect of FAEE on cell viability and osteoclast formation. The chemical structure of ferulic acid ethyl esther (ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate) (A). RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to various concentrations of FAEE (25, 50, 100, or 200 μM) for 48 h and the (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to evaluate cell viability(B). RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with FAEE (25, 50, or 100 μM) in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) (50 ng/mL) for 5 days. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells that had ≥3 nuclei were identified as osteoclasts and quantified using light microscopy (C). TRAP staining with representative images of RAW 264.7 cells (D). Data are the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. ### p < 0.001 versus RAW 264.7 cells without RANKL, *** p < 0.001 versus RAW 264.7 cells with RANKL alone.