Table 2.

Clinical outcomes by initial medication

Outcome	Glyburide (N = 283)	Dual insulin (basal and bolus) (N = 17)	Single insulin (basal or bolus) (N = 13)	Metformin (N = 50)	P value
Treatment failure	31.0 (11.0%)	10 (33.3%)		15 (30.0%)	<.0001*
Fetal macrosomia	43 (15.2%)	4 (13.3%)		4 (8.0%)	0.4
Preterm deliverya	40 (14.1%)	7 (41.2%)		8 (16.0%)	0.01*
Preterm deliveryb	40 (14.1%)		3 (23.1%)	8 (16.0%)	0.6
Neonatal hypoglycemiac	160 (56.5%)	7 (41.2%)	10 (76.9%)	31 (62.0%)	0.2
Weight gain (kg)	9.1 (7.6)	10.9 (11.0)	9.9 (10.6)	8.6 (8.3)	0.7
Weight-based insulin dose		0.74 (0.18)	0.13 (0.09)		<.0001*

^aBasal and bolus insulin therapy vs. glyburide vs. metformin.

^bSingle insulin therapy vs. glyburide vs. metformin.

^cBasal/bolus insulin therapy vs. single insulin therapy (P = 0.05).

^*P < 0.05.

Data presented as mean (SD) or n (%).