Table 1.

Some examples of studies about applying telehealth technologies to follow-up of breast cancer patient

Author/year	Setting/population	Purpose of intervention	Type of intervention	Intervention in control group	Method/time	Results
Vallance et al. (2019)[7]	Alberta/Canada	Physical activity, fatigue and QoL*	Wearable device (Actigraph® and activPALTM accelerometers**)	Non	RCT***/4 M****	The fatigue profile was improved. But effect not seen in QoL.
Lynch et al. (2019)[8]	Australia	Physical activity (PA)	Wearable technology*****, telephone counseling	Non	RCT/12W******	Increase of PA******* was proved.
Kokts-Porietis et al. (2019)[9]	Canada	PA	Wearable technology (Polar A360® activity tracker********)	traditional treatment and rehabilitation according to daily specifications of the hospital	RCT, interview/12W	Technology was as a facilitator to physical activity, but technologic difficulties created a barrier to physical activity adherence.
Nápoles et al. (2019)[10]	United States	PA, health behavior	Booklet- Spanish-language mobile phone app - activity tracker- telephone counseling	Non	Sampling/2M	The PA and health behaviors of participants increased significantly.
Dong et al. (2019)[11]	China	PA	Phone, social media apps, tele-video	Traditional treatment and rehabilitation according to daily specifications of the hospital	RCT/12W	Positive effect on quality of life, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory capacity.
Pope et al. (2018)[12]	Minneapolis, USA	PA	Facebook- and mobile app (MapMyFitness)	Facebook	RCT/10 W	Increasing physical activity by Facebook, Impact of the smart watch was not proven (due to difficulty).
Lozano-Lozano et al. (2018)[13]	Spain	Diet and PA, body composition, muscular strength, upper body functionality and physical fitness	mHealth (BENECA)- tri-axial accelerometer	BENECA app for 8 weeks and usual care information	RCT/1M	It can be effective tool for managing breast cancer patient’s diet and PA behaviors.
Anderson et al. (2018)[14]	Scotland	PA, diet behavior and weight loss.	Telephone counseling and web support	Usual care	RCT/12W	Desired results were obtained from the intervention.
Lee et al. (2018)[15]	South Korea	Exercise	Mobile application	-	Retrospective/12W	Scores of patients with intervention were significantly higher than patients without intervention.Mutual feedback will increase user loyalty and motivational technology.
Van de Wiel et al. (2018)[16]	Netherlands	Physiotherapy counseling	Internet-based Physical Activity Support program (IPAS) and Telephone Support (TS)	Non	RCT/6 & 12 M	The effectiveness on IPAS********* alone or with TS********** in improvement of PA, QoL and fatigue was proved.
Hayes et al. (2011)[17]	Queensland/Australia	Exercise (aerobic) and PA	Telephone counseling	Usual care	RCT/8 M	The intervention had positive effect on survival.
Uhm et al. (2017)[18]	South Korea	Exercise (Aerobic and resistance exercises), physical function, and Quality of Life (QoL)	mHealth app (Smart After Care) with In Body Band Pedometer***********	-	Prospective, quasi-randomized multicenter trial/6 &12W	Improve physical function, physical activity and QoL.
Lahart et al. (2017)[19]	United Kingdom	Cardiorespiratory fitness	Telephone	Usual care	RCT/6M	Increased cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported PA.
Hartman et al. (2017)[20]	San Diego/USA	Exercise	Telephone and emails	Usual care	RCT/12W	The intervention improved the physical activity
Krebs et al. (2017)[21]	United States	PA and Healthy Eating	DVD************	Advice and counseling alone	RCT/12W	Greater improvement in eating behavior change than physical activity.
Valle et al. (2017)[22]	United States	PA, weight loss	Wireless scale with data transfer capability to Website/mobile app	Usual care	RCT/24W	Preventing of weight gain was positive in both groups.
Cox et al. (2017)[23]	USA	PA and weight loss	Internet or telephone	Internet	RCT/6M	The outcomes of intervention in telephone group were better than internet group.
Lawler et al. (2017)[24]	Queensland/Australia	PA, diet and weight loss	Telephone	----	Pre-post study/6M	Positive effect on PA and weight loss of participants.
Harder et al. (2017)[25]	United Kingdom	Arm and shoulder exercises	Mobile app	-----	Focus group	Self-management of arm and shoulder exercises was proved.
Fazzino et al. (2017)[26]	United States	Weight management and PA	Group phone sessionsmailed newsletterspedometer	------	RCT/6M	The PA of participants improved
Ritvo et al. (2017)[27]	Canada	PA	Telephone, Smart phone (iMovie), wearable technology	Only 12-week physical activity program	RCT/12W	Will assess
Ollero et al. (2017)[28]	-	Monitor heart rate, energy expenditure, arm mobility	Smart watch, smart phone, web server application	-	System design	The patients have not been evaluated. Only software and application were evaluated.
Ariza-Garcia et al. (2019)[29]	Spain	Exercise	Web-based (e-CUIDATE system)	Usual care	RCT/6-8 M	Global health status, physical, role, cognitive functioning, and arm symptoms, pain severity, and pain interference was improved.
Reeves et al. (2016) Australia[30]	The University of Queensland	Weight loss	Telephone counseling, posted materials and text-message	Usual care	RCT/6 &12 & 18	The intervention had positive effect on PA, weight loss and other examined criteria.
Quintiliani et al. (2016)[31]	United States	Weight, diet and physical activity.	Text message- pedometer- phone counseling	Usual care	Pre-post study/10W	Weight of participants decreased. Dietary behavior improved. PA increased
Cadmus-Bertram et al. (2016)[32]	United States	PA	Telephone and web-based self-monitoring tools.	Usual care	RCT/12M	The PA and weight condition of participants improved significantly
Harrigan et al. (2016)[33]	United States	Weight loss	Telephone and in-person counseling.	Usual care	RCT/3M	The both interventions led to significant weight loss via increasing PA and favorable diet changes
Lyons et al. (2016)[34]	United States	Fitness and physical activity	Mobile application	Mobile application + narrative-based active video game.	RCT/6M	Improve breast cancer survivors’ health
Forbes et al. (2015)[35]	Nova Scotia/Canada	PA	PA tracking website UWALK	Usual care	RCT/9W	Intervention was successful in changing PA behavior.
McCarroll et al. (2015)[36]	United States	Control overweight.	Mobile app (LoseIt!) in website and mobile versions.	Usual care	Prospective/1M	The patients PA increased significantly.
Kyung Lee et al. (2014)[37]	South Korea	Promoting exercise (aerobic), dietary behaviors, and self-efficacy.	Web-based Self-Management Exercise and diet Intervention (WSEDI)	Booklet on exercise and diet	RCT/12W	Better results in the intervention group
De Cocker et al. (2014)[38]	Belgium	PA	Web and pedometer-based PA advice program	-	Pilot/3W	The usability and acceptability of program for PA proved.
Short et al. (2017)[39]	Queensland/Australia	PA	Website	-	RCT/12W	Positive effect on increasing PA in breast cancer survivors.
Winger et al. (2014)[40]	United States	Exercise and diet.	Telephone and mailed print	Non	RCT/-1Y*************	more positive results of the telephone intervention
Rock et al. (2013, 2015)[41,42]	United States	Effect of intervention on weight loss.	Telephone counseling and tailored newsletters	Usual care	RCT/2Y	The intervention group had significantly weight loss comparing with control group.
Hatchett et al. (2012)[43]	The University of Mississippi/USA	PA	email	Usual care	RCT/6 and 12M	Increased physical activity and exercise behavior.
Ligibel et al. (2012)[44]	United States	Exercise	Telephone	Usual care	RCT/16M	Increase PA, physical functioning, and fitness.
Demark-Wahnefried et al. (2012)[45]	United States	Diet-exercise to control overweight or obese	Telephone counseling and print materials.	Wait-list control	RCT/2Y	Diet quality, PA, Physical function and BMI were improved significantly.
Eakin et al. (2012)[46]	Australia, Queensland	Aerobic and resistance exercise	Telephone	Non	RCT/8Y	Improve the physical activity and fitness
Lee et al. (2011)[47]	South Korea	PA and diet behaviors	Telephone and workbook	Non	RCT/12W	The PA increased significantly. Diet behaviors and QOL was improved.
Hegel et al. (2011)[48]	Hanover, USA	Quality of Life	Telephone	Usual care	RCT/6 and 12 W	Increase quality of life, Increase emotional state
Morey et al. (2009)[49]	United States	PA and diet	Telephone counseling, Automated telephone messages and mailed materials.	Delayed intervention	RCT/4M	PA and health behavior increased significantly in intervention group
Pinto et al. (2015)[50]	United States	PA	Telephone	Usual care	RCT/12 W	Increased physical activity, improved fitness and some aspects of psychological well-being
Matthews et al. (2007)[51]	United States	PA behaviors, body weight and body composition	Telephone	Usual care	RCT/12W	The level of PA increased in intervention group. No significant change in body weight.
Vallance et al. (2007)[52]	Alberta/Canada	PA and QoL	Wearable device and Print Materials	Print materials	RCT/7 M	Effectiveness of each intervention alone proved. Also, the combined approach produces better results.

QoL*: Quality of Life. Accelerometers**: Device that measures proper acceleration (the rate of change of velocity). RCT***: Randomized Controlled Trial. M****: Month. wearable technology*****: The electronic device that can be embedded in user’s body or clothes. W******: Week. PA*******: Physical Activity. Activity tracker********: Device such as smart watches that monitoring fitness related indicators. IPAS*********: Internet-based Physical Activity Support Program. TS**********: Telephone Support. Pedometer***********: Electronic device that counts steps of a person by detecting the motion of the person’s hands or hips. It measures and encourage physical activity in adults. DVD************: Digital Video Disk. Y*************: Year