Table 1.

Clinical characteristics at birth, 1 month and 1 year

	Control group	Intervention group	p-value
AT BIRTH
Maternal age at birth	32.1 (4.5)	33.1 (5.9)	0.41
Gravidity	2.9 (1.7)	2.7 (1.3)	0.87
Parity 1+, n (%)	17 (81.0)	15 (78.9)	1.00#
Maternal BMI before pregnancy	24.8 (5.1)	28.7 (9.0)	0.20
Maternal BMI at birth	30.6 (5.0)	33.1 (9.0)	0.70
Gestational age at birth, weeks	38.7 (0.6)	38.7 (0.6)	0.94
Birth weight, grams	3411.2 (354.1)	3463.7 (621.8)	0.66
length at birth, cm	51.2 (2.0)	51.9 (2.0)	0.39
head circumference, cm	35.1 (1.3)	35.4 (1.4)	0.40
Female gender child, n (%)	12 (57.1)	14 (73.7)	0.27*
Umbilical artery pH	7.28 (0.08)	7.30 (0.10)	0.14
Umbilical artery base excess	−3.2 (3.2)	−3.3 (3.2)	0.89
APGAR 1	8.8 (0.8)	8.9 (0.3)	1.00
APGAR 5	9.7 (0.8)	9.7 (0.5)	0.46
APGAR 10	9.8 (0.9)	10.0 (0.2)	0.59
AT 1 MONTH
Breastfeeding only	14 (70.0)	11 (57.9)	0.43*
Bottle only	2 (10.0)	5 (26.3)	0.23#
Breastfeeding + bottle	4 (20.0)	3 (15.8)	1.00#
Antibiotics child since birth	1 (5.0)	1 (5.3)	1.00#
Infection mother	3 (15.0)	6 (31.6)	0.27#
Antibiotics mother	2 (10.0)	5 (26.3)	0.24#
Healing problems scar	1 (5.0)	2 (10.5)	0.61#
Healing problems scar, other than infection	1 (5.0)	1 (5.3)	1.00#
SSI	0 (0.0)	2 (10.5)	0.23#
AT 1 YEAR
Breastfeeding at 1 year, n (%)	5 (26.3)	5 (29.4)	1.00#
breastfeeding, completed months	5.2 (2.9)	5.3 (4.9)	0.39
antibiotic treatment since birth, n (%)	2 (10.5)	3 (17.6)	0.65#
bronchitis since birth, n (%)	2 (10.5)	1 (5.9)	1.00#
allergy, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (17.6)	0.10#
atopic dermatitis, n (%)	2 (10.5)	3 (17.6)	0.65#

Data are given as mean (SD) or n (%). Percentages are given as column percentages. For categorical variables Pearson’s-Chi-square test (*) or Fisher’s exact test (#) and for continuous variables Mann-Whitney-U test were used for calculating statistical significance.