Table 1.
General characteristic, comparison of the two different cohorts (first vs. second wave) and detailed autopsies' findings.
| Patients from first wave of pandemic (n = 7) | Patients from second wave of pandemic (n = 28) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69 (range 45–81) | 71 (range 22–89) | 0.71 |
| M/F | 4/7 (57%) | 21/28 (75%) | 0.38 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 27.9 (21.6–37.8) | 27.4 (17.6–43.6) | 0.85 |
| Main clinical comorbidities | Cancer (5/7, 71%) | Cancer (9/28, 32%) | 0.089 |
| Arterial hypertension (5/7, 71%) | Arterial hypertension (19/28, 68%) | 1.0 | |
| Pulmonary disease (2/7, 28%) | Pulmonary disease (12/28, 43%) | 0.68 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (3/7, 43%) | Diabetes mellitus (4/28, 14%) | 0.12 | |
| Solid organ transplantation (2/7, 29%) | Solid organ transplantation (2/28, 7%) | 0.17 | |
| Bone Marrow transplantation (0/7, 0%) | Bone Marrow transplantation (2/28, 7%) | 1.0 | |
| Overweight (3/7, 43%) | Overweight (11/28, 39%) | 1.0 | |
| Obesity (2/7, 28%) | Obesity (7/28, 25%) | 1.0 | |
| Time interval between diagnosis and | 12 (2–20) | 18 (1–65) | 0.39 |
| death (days) | |||
| DAD | 6/7 (86%) | 18/28 (64%) | 0.39 |
| Bacterial Pneumonia | 2/7 (29%) | 21/28 (75%) | 0.03 |
| Lung aspergillosis | 0/7 (0%) | 6/28 (21%) | 0.31 |
| Viral Pneumonia | 0/7 (0%) | 1/28 (4%) (HSV1+CMV) | 1.0 |
| Macroscopic thrombi | General incidence (3/7, 43%) | General incidence (13/28, 46%) | 1.0 |
| Cardiac ventricle (3/7, 43%) | Cardiac ventricle (2/28, 7%) | 0.04 | |
| Pulmonary central (0/7, 0%) | Pulmonary central (1/28, 4%) | 1.0 | |
| Pulmonary paracentral (0/7, 0%) | Pulmonary paracentral (7/28, 25%) | 0.30 | |
| Pulmonary peripheral (0/7, 0%) | Pulmonary peripheral (9/28, 32%) | 0.1 | |
| Peripheral veins (0/7, 0%) | Major peripheral vessels (3/28, 11%) | 1.0 | |
| Microscopic fibrin thrombi | General incidence (4/7, 57%) | General incidence (13/28, 46%) | 0.69 |
| Myocardial vessels (1/7, 14%) | Myocardial vessels (2/28, 7%) | 0.50 | |
| Pulmonary vessels (2/7, 29%) | Pulmonary vessels (12/28, 43%) | 0.68 | |
| Renal (0/7, 0%) | Renal (1/28, 4%) | 1.0 | |
| Cerebral vessels (1/7, 14%) | Cerebral vessels (2/28, 7%) | 0.5 | |
| Skin (1/7, 14%) | NA | ||
| Leucocytes thrombi | General incidence (3/7, 43%) | General incidence (14/28, 50%) | 1.0 |
| Cardiac (1/7, 14%) | Cardiac (4/28, 14%) | 1.0 | |
| Pulmonary (3/7, 43%) | Pulmonary (12/28, 43%) | 1.0 | |
| Hepatic (1/7, 14%) | Hepatic (0/28, 0%) | 0.20 | |
| Mesenterial (1/7, 14%) | Mesenterial (1/28, 4%) | 0.36 | |
| Hemorrhages | General incidence (7/7, 100%) | General incidence (12/28, 43%) | 0.009 |
| Brain microhemorrhages (6/7, 86%) | Brain microhemorrhages (3/28, 11%) | 0.0003 | |
| Subarachnoid (1/7, 14%) | Subarachnoid (2/28, 7%) | 0.50 | |
| Subdural hematoma (0/7, 0%) | Subdural hematoma (3/28, 11%) | 1.0 | |
| Lung (3/7, 43%) | Lung (5/28, 18%) | 0.3 | |
| Infarcts/Ischemia | General incidence (6/7, 86%) | General incidence (10/28, 36%) | 0.03 |
| Cardiac (1/7, 14%) | Cardiac (3/28, 11%) | 1.0 | |
| Lung (0/7, 0%) | Lung (5/28, 18%) | 0.56 | |
| Small intestine (2/7, 29%) | Small intestine (5/28, 18%) | 0.61 | |
| Liver (1/7, 14%) | Liver (8/28, 29%) | 0.65 | |
| Cerebral (2/7, 29%) | Cerebral (2/27, 7%) | 0.18 |
M, male; F, female; DAD, diffuse alveolar damage; BMI, body mass index; HSV1, herpes simplex virus 1; CMV, cytomegalovirus; NA, not available. Bold values are the statistically significant results.