Table 3: Predicted probabilities of diabetes treatment coverage from multivariable logistic regression models.
Predicted probabilities of coverage with 95% confidence intervals are reported from multivariable logistic regression models. Predicted probabilities were generated as average adjusted predictions for categorical variables (sex, educational attainment, and wealth) and adjusted predictions at representative values for continuous variables (age and BMI). Wealth quintile was not available in n=7 surveys (appendix p 45). Each column represents a diabetes treatment that serves as the model’s dependent variable. The covariates in the model include all row variables and country-fixed effects. Illustrative values for age and body mass index are presented; these variables were included as continuous variables in the models using restricted cubic splines at knots of 5%, 27.5%, 50%, 72.5%, and 95%. Survey weighting and clustering at the country level were accounted for in the models. N/A=not applicable.
| Glucose-lowering medication | Antihypertensive medication | Cholesterol-lowering medication | Diet counseling | Exercise counseling | Weight-loss counseling | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 44.9 (41.9–47.9) | 34.4 (31.2–37.6) | 7.0 (5.3–8.7) | 31.3 (28.9–33.6) | 27.7 (25.3–25.3) | 28.8 (25.7–32.0) |
| Female | 52.2 (49.9–54.5) | 44.6 (41.8–47.3) | 6.7 (5.5–7.9) | 33.5 (31.4–35.6) | 29.8 (27.8–31.8) | 34.3 (31.5–37.1) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30 | 24.0 (18.4–29.6) | 20.6 (13.4–27.8) | N/A | 13.1 (9.7–16.5) | 12.1 (8.8–15.5) | 17.2 (11.3–23.2) |
| 40 | 38.6 (34.8–42.4) | 29.4 (23.8–35.0) | 3.7 (1.5–5.8) | 25.5 (22.4–28.6) | 22.7 (19.6–25.7) | 27.9 (23.8–32.0) |
| 50 | 50.2 (46.7–53.6) | 38.2 (34.2–42.1) | 6.6 (5.0–8.3) | 34.3 (31.5–37.1) | 30.4 (27.6–33.3) | 32.7 (29.2–36.3) |
| 60 | 60.1 (56.6–63.7) | 49.1 (45.4–52.7) | 7.9 (6.0–9.8) | 41.6 (38.8–44.4) | 36.7 (34.0–39.4) | 38.8 (35.4–42.2) |
| Body mass index | ||||||
| 20 | 45.6 (41.2–50.0) | 30.7 (25.3–36.1) | 3.5 (1.8–5.2) | 23.0 (19.8–26.1) | 18.7 (15.7–21.7) | N/A |
| 25 | 48.7 (45.4–52.0) | 36.6 (33.4–39.9) | 6.5 (3.9–9.1) | 31.2 (28.3–34.0) | 28.3 (25.5–31.1) | 28.2 (19.5–36.9) |
| 30 | 50.3 (47.5–53.1) | 42.9 (39.8–46.1) | 6.9 (5.2–8.6) | 35.2 (32.5–37.9) | 30.9 (28.2–33.5) | 32.1 (28.2–36.0) |
| 35 | 51.7 (47.7–55.7) | 47.3 (43.0–51.6) | 8.2 (6.4–10.0) | 40.3 (36.4–44.2) | 35.6 (31.8–39.3) | 37.6 (33.4–41.7) |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 37.7 (32.9–42.6) | 34.6 (30.4–38.7) | 6.6 (4.5–8.8) | 25.0 (21.4–28.7) | 19.8 (16.2–23.4) | 23.8 (18.5–29.1) |
| Primary | 49.0 (45.8–52.2) | 40.9 (37.2–44.6) | 7.2 (5.8–8.6) | 33.3 (30.5–36.0) | 28.2 (25.5–30.9) | 32.6 (29.0–36.3) |
| Secondary or more | 53.0 (49.9–56.0) | 42.4 (39.0–45.7) | 6.6 (4.6–8.5) | 34.7 (32.0–37.5) | 32.9 (30.1–35.7) | 34.6 (31.2–37.9) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||
| 1 (poorest) | 47.8 (44.0–51.7) | 40.4 (36.1–44.8) | 7.2 (5.3–9.1) | 29.7 (26.2–33.2) | 25.5 (22.0–28.9) | 27.6 (23.1–32.1) |
| 2 | 44.9 (41.2–48.6) | 39.7 (35.2–44.1) | 6.5 (4.0–9.1) | 27.8 (24.7–30.9) | 25.3 (22.0–28.6) | 26.9 (22.8–31.1) |
| 3 | 45.6 (41.6–49.6) | 41.6 (36.7–46.4) | 5.1 (3.8–6.3) | 29.4 (26.2–32.6) | 27.0 (23.8–30.1) | 30.1 (25.9–34.2) |
| 4 | 50.8 (47.2–54.4) | 40.4 (36.3–44.5) | 7.2 (5.3–9.1) | 35.7 (32.0–39.4) | 30.2 (26.4–34.0) | 33.2 (28.6–37.9) |
| 5 (richest) | 54.5 (50.3–58.7) | 39.6 (35.1–44.2) | 8.5 (5.1–12.0) | 38.7 (34.9–42.5) | 35.3 (31.7–38.9) | 39.7 (35.0–44.4) |