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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Today Chem. 2021 Dec 30;23:100711. doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100711

Fig. 1. ENCC synthesis and characterization.

Fig. 1.

(a) ENCC synthesis involving two-step oxidation using periodate to initially open the glucose ring from C2-C3 bond, converting them to dialdehyde groups, followed by chlorite-mediated oxidation to carboxylate groups. AFM images of (b) CNC and (c) ENCC. Titration of ENCC (20 mg) based on (d) conductivity and (e) pH versus added base (NaOH, 10 mM) volume. The inset in panel (e) shows the first and second derivatives of pH versus NaOH volume.