NrtR binds directly to the promoter of rsmY, rsmZ, or tssA1. Binding of NrtR to the DNA fragment corresponding to the promoter regions of nadD2 (A), rsmZ (B), rsmY (C), tssA1 (D), or the inner region of nrtR (E) was determined by EMSA. Increasing amounts of the purified His-NrtR were incubated with 40 ng of the indicated DNA fragments. The mixtures were electrophoresed on an 8% native PAGE gel, and the bands were visualized under UV light following ethidium bromide staining. Data represent results from three independent experiments. The arrows indicated the DNA-protein complex.