Clinical chemistry parameters observed in marmosets before and after challenge with two strains of MERS-CoV by various routes of challenge. (A) AST (aspartate aminotransferase); (B) ALKP (alkaline phosphatase); (C) CREA (creatinine); (D) BUN (blood urea nitrogen); (E) LYM (absolute lymphocyte count); (F) MONO (absolute monocyte count). For illustrative purposes, data from the two studies are combined on a single graph. Significant differences were determined by ANOVA with data transformed, Y = log(Y), to ensure normal data (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001).