FIG 9.

Proportions and activation status of different immune cells observed in marmoset lungs following challenge with MERS-CoV. (A) Number of T cells; (B) CD16⁺ expression of T cells; (C) proportion of neutrophils; (D) CD80⁺ expression of neutrophils; (E) proportion of macrophages; (F) CD40⁺ expression of macrophages. For illustrative purposes, levels are shown for animals challenged with MERS-CoV strain EMC/2012 by the aerosol route and euthanized on days 2 and 7. Significant differences were determined by ANOVA with data transformed, Y = log(Y), to ensure normal data (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001).