Table 2. Spearman’s rho (correlation coefficient) for social and environmental vulnerability, asthma, and COVID-19.
With regards to COVID-19, strongest correlation was observed between the cumulative incidence during the first quarter of the pandemic in LA (Mar-Jun 2020) and the estimated prevalence of asthma, SVI due to minority status and language barriers, asthma hospitalization crude rate, and the percentile score for ozone levels. With regards to asthma, SVI due to socioeconomic status, minority status and language barriers, and overall SVI were also significantly correlated with both asthma hospitalization rate as well as the estimated prevalence.
| Hosp. | EPV | CV19 | CV19 | CV19 | CV19 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | Asthma | (3m) | (6m) | (9m) | (12m) | ||
| Environmental Factors | RHI | -0.02 | 0.04 | -0.12 | -0.05 | -0.14 | -0.14 |
| Ozone | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | |
| PM2.5 | 0.08 | 0.02 | -0.07 | -0.02 | 0.12 | 0.08 | |
| Social Vulnerability | SVI_SES | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.15 | -0.16 | -0.24 |
| SVI_HC | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.01 | -0.02 | |
| SVI_ML | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.29 | -0.01 | -0.06 | |
| SVI_HT | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.02 | -0.07 | |
| SVI_OV | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.26 | -0.06 | -0.15 | |
| Asthma | Hosp. Asthma | 0.61 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
| EPV Asthma | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.07 | ||
| COVID-19 (cumulative) | CV19 (3m) | 0.32 | 0.50 | ||||
| CV19 (6m) | 0.21 | 0.28 | |||||
| CV19 (9m) | 0.02 | 0.03 | |||||
| CV19 (12m) | 0.01 | 0.07 | |||||
| Abbreviations: RHI = NATA Respiratory Hazard Index; Ozone = Ozone levels; PM2.5 = PM2.5 levels; SVI_SOCEC = Social Vulnerability Index (due to socioeconomic factors); SVI_HC = Social Vulnerability Index (due to household composition); SVI_ML = Social Vulnerability Index (due to minority status and language barriers); SVI_HT = Social Vulnerability Index (due to housing and transportation factors); SVI_OV = overall Social Vulnerability Index; Hosp. Asthma = Asthma hospitalization crude rate; EPV Asthma = Estimated prevalence of asthma; CV19 = Cumulative COVID-19 incidence at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | |||||||
| Legend based on rho value: | Strength and direction of correlation: | ||||||
| >0.7 to 1.0 | Strongly positive correlation | ||||||
| >0.3 to 0.7 | Moderately positive correlation | ||||||
| >0 to 0.3 | Weakly positive correlation | ||||||
| Rho = 0 or p ≥ 0.05 | No significant correlation | ||||||
| <0 to -0.3 | Weakly negative correlation | ||||||
| < -0.3 to -0.7 | Moderately negative correlation | ||||||
| < -0.7 to -1.0 | Strongly negative correlation | ||||||