Table 1. Demographic and peri-operative characteristics of participants (n = 101 unless otherwise stated).
| Variables | All |
|---|---|
| Sex (males)a | 82(81%) |
| Age (years)b | 64.6(11.3) |
| Height (m)b | 1.71(0.09) |
| Weight (kg)b | 88.3(21.5) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)b | 29.99 (6.50) |
| Ethnicitya | |
| Indigenous/Non-indigenous/Others | 15/78/8 |
| Smoking statusa | |
| Non-smoker/Ex-smoker/Smoker | 36/47/17 |
| Alcohol consumption statusa | |
| Non-drinker/Ex-drinker and Drinker | 14/17/69 |
| Highest educational levela | |
| Primary/High-school/Tertiary | 3/81/17 |
| Physical activity level (n = 96)a | |
| Active/Inactive | 93/3 |
| Employment statusa | |
| Employed/Unemployed/Retired | 33/9/59 |
| Hand Dominancea | |
| Right/Left/Ambidextrous | 89/11/1 |
| Type of surgerya | |
| Isolated CABG/Isolated AVR/Isolated MVR/CABG+AVR or MVR | 80/12/4/5 |
| NYHA (n = 100)a | |
| I/II/III/IV | 47/30/23/0 |
| APACHE score (n = 65)b | 46.3(16.4) |
| ANZROD% (n = 65)b | 3.4(6.5) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (n = 95) b | 55.1(13.4) |
| CPBT in minutes (n = 95)b | 105.8(39.5) |
| Aortic cross clamp time in minutes (n = 95)b | 80.7(28.7) |
| ICU length of stay (days)b | 3(2) |
| Total hospital length of stay (days)b | 11(5) |
| Discharge destinationa | |
| Home/Local accommodation/Rehab | 90/6/5 |
| Chest pain at rest (n = 97)a | |
| NRS 0-3/4-6/7-10 | 78/17/2 |
| Chest pain during coughing (n = 97)a | |
| NRS 0-3/4-6/7-10 | 38/37/22 |
| Comorbiditiesa | |
| Hypertension/ Dyslipidaemia /T2DM /Obesity/GORD | 71/61/45/43/19 |
| IHD/OSA/Gout/COPD/CKD | 19/11/11/7/6 |
CABG–Coronary artery by-pass graft; AVR–Aortic valve replacement; MVR–Mitral valve replacement; NYHA–New York heart association; APACHE III—Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation III; ANZROD–Australian and New Zealand risk of death; CPBT–Cardiopulmonary by-pass time; ICU–Intensive care unit; NRS–Numerical rating scale; T2DM–Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GORD–Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; OSA–Obstructive sleep apnoea; CKD–Chronic kidney disease; IHD–Ischaemic heart disease; COPD–Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a Data presented as frequency (%).
b Data presented as mean (standard deviation).