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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 23.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Jan 2;45(1):69–78. doi: 10.1111/acer.14511

Figure 2: Global methylation on day 8 of development is significantly decreased by ethanol exposure, which is normalized by the addition of glutathione.

Figure 2:

Global DNA Methylation (5-mC) levels were measure in (A) day 8 (stage 34) embryonic hearts (n=6/group) and (B) day 3 (stage 19–20) embryonic hearts (n=8/group). On day 8, Ethanol significantly lowered DNA methylation levels compared to saline and GSH, p=0.031. DNA methylation was normalized when glutathione was co-administered with ethanol. However, in day 3 (stage 19–20) hearts, ethanol did not change DNA methylation levels. All results are reported as percent of DNA with detected 5-mC. Saline = Sal-Ctrl, GSH alone in Saline = GSH/Sal, Ethanol = EtOH, Ethanol + GSH co-injections = EtOH+GSH.