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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 23.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Jan 2;45(1):69–78. doi: 10.1111/acer.14511

Table 1.

Glutathione (GSH) toxicity data. Doses of GSH were injected into quail eggs 24 hours after incubation. At 8 days of incubation, the embryos were examined to determine survival and identify those with gross head and body defects.

Treatment (n) Survival rate (%) Survivors with gross head/body defects (%)
Saline vehicle control (54) 48 / 54 (89) 0 / 48 (0)
Uninjected control (82) 74 / 82 (90) 2 / 74 (3)
100 nmol GSH (30) 27 / 30 (90) 3 / 27 (11) p<0.043
1 µmol GSH (27) 21 /27 (78) 2 / 21 (10) p=0.09
10 µmol GSH (24) 22 / 24 (92) 1 / 22 (5)
100 µmol GSH (24) 21 / 24 (87) 2 / 21 (10) p=0.09
1 mmol GSH (54) 43 / 54 (80) 4 / 43 (9) p=0.046
10 mmol GSH (47) 45 / 47 (96) 1 / 45 (2)