Table 3.

Embryo survival and defect rates on day 8. Values for uninjected controls were considered the standard. GSH by itself did not significantly increase gross body and head defects, though it did trend toward significance (p=0.053). Of those imaged for CHDs, GSH alone did not increase the incidence of CHDs. Those given ethanol alone had significantly lower survival and higher numbers of gross defects and CHDs (P<0.001, denoted by **). GSH given with ethanol significantly increased survival and decreased gross defects compared to ethanol (P <0.01, denoted by †), though there were more defects than in controls (P<0.01, denoted by *). Of those imaged for CHDs, there was no difference between controls and those given GSH and ethanol in the incidence of CHDs. The 10 µmol GSH amount was used for the subsequent experiment.

Treatment	Survival (%)	Gross head/body defects (%)	Imaged hearts with a CHD (%)
Uninjected Control	86/97 (89)	2/86 (2)	3/21 (14)
Injected Control	92/100 (92)	3/92 (3)	2/15 (13)
GSH (10umol)	34/38 (89)	4/34 (12)	4/21 (19)
Ethanol (40ul 50%)	107/177 (60) **	35/107 (32)**	18/30 (60) **
GSH 10umol + Ethanol 50%	154/204 (75)*†	23/153 (15) *†	7/33 (21) †