Table 3.
Comparison of Clinical Parameters According to the Level of L-Val Quartiles (n=816)
| Characteristics | L-Val (μg/mL) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | P-value | ||||
| (<27.26, n=203) | (27.26–31.12, n=205) | (31.12–35.25, n=204) | (≥35.25 n=204) | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| L-Val (μg/mL) | 24.04± 2.52 | 29.21 ±1.19 | 32.83± 1.09 | 38.91 ± 3.63 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 51 (25.1) | 72 (35.1) | 78 (38.2) | 73 (35.2) | 0.027 | – | ||
| Age (years) | 58.15 ± 6.49 | 58.86 ± 5.82 | 59.43 ± 5.67 | 58.84 ± 6.25 | 0.111 | – | ||
| Current smoking, n (%) | 23 (11.3) | 31 (15.1) | 43 (38.2) | 37 (18.1) | 0.0407 | – | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 52 (25.6) | 54 (26.1) | 70 (34.3) | 64 (31.4) | 0.166 | – | ||
| WC (cm) | 81.43 ± 9.88 | 83.77 ± 9.97 | 85.39 ± 9.66 | 84.32 ± 10.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.95 ± 3.18 | 24.27 ± 3.24 | 24.98 ± 3.43 | 24.91 ± 3.73 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 140.05 ± 19.16 | 141.44±20.37 | 137.98± 19.91 | 142.73 ± 21.87 | 0.987 | – | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.25 ± 13.23 | 84.93 ± 14.17 | 82.68 ± 16.07 | 83.69 ± 14.01 | 0.482 | – | ||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.34 ± 0.73 | 5.50 ± 0.96 | 5.55 ± 1.01 | 5.82 ± 1.67 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.50 (5.1, 7.4) | 5.50 (5.1, 8.6) | 5.86 (5.1, 11.2) | 5.90 (5.1, 11.8) | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.23 ± 0.97 | 5.13 ± 0.83 | 5.25 ± 0.88 | 5.11 ± 0.74 | 0.334 | – | ||
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.48 (0.60,7.40) | 1.60 (0.50, 6.40) | 1.80 (0.62,12.50) | 1.89 (0.58,8.22) | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.83 ± 0.78 | 2.73 ± 0.66 | 2.81 ± 0.69 | 2.74 ± 0.69 | 0.438 | – | ||
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.45 ± 0.44 | 1.38 ± 0.41 | 1.29 ± 0.48 | 1.34 ± 0.65 | 0.020 | 0.167 | ||
| SUA (mmol/L) | 270.12 ± 74.17 | 282.46 ± 81.99 | 291.58 ± 81.93 | 299.06 ± 86.56 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.052 | 0.096 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.11 ± 1.32 | 5.02 ± 1.31 | 5.26 ± 1.21 | 5.23 ± 1.39 | 0.106 | |||
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.01 ± 13.93 | 70.52 ± 15.59 | 69.82 ± 13.19 | 71.16 ± 16.72 | 0.278 | – | ||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 90.88 ± 21.32 | 91.95 ± 13.14 | 90.09 ± 14.56 | 90.79 ± 13.72 | 0.634 | – | ||
| SOD (u/mL) | 58.26 ± 12.6 | 60.12 ± 11.87 | 57.64± 12.76 | 57.19 ± 13.0 | 0.553 | – | ||
| MDA (nmol/L) | 0.72± 0.52 | 0.85 ± 0.47 | 0.88 ± 0.49 | 1.01 ± 0.83 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| NDM | 14 (6.9) | 22 (10.7) | 26 (12.7) | 40 (19.6) | <0.001 | |||
Notes: Data were presented as means (±SD) and categorical variables are expressed as number (%). Means and proportions were compared by ANCOVA, and categorical variables were compared by the chi-square test respectively. P values testing the overall difference among L-Val quartiles. Model 1: adjusting for age, gender, SBP, DBP, LnTG, HDL-C, FPG and smoking status. Model 2: adjusting for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, LnTG, HDL-C and smoking status. Model 3: adjusting for age, gender, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR and smoking status. TG which is not normal distribution were analyzed by logarithmic transformation. Definitions of T2DM, NDM and L-Val quartiles were in methods.
Abbreviations: L-Val, L-valine; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NDM, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; SUA, serum uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.