Effect of CD73 inhibitors on AMPase activity in human tumors and tonsils. The effect of CD73 inhibitors on AMPase activity was determined in situ by incubating human (A) HNSCC and (B) tonsillar cryosections with 100 μM AMP and 1.5 mM Pb(NO3)2 in the absence (Control) and presence of the indicated concentrations of tested compounds. AMPase activity was determined in the selected regions, corresponding to pan-cytokeratin−/CD73+ poorly differentiated tumor cells (A) and CD73+ tonsillar germinal centers (B). (C) Mean pixel intensities of AMP-specific brown staining were quantified in the selected regions using QuPath version 0.2.3 and expressed as arbitrary units (AU) (mean ± standard error of the mean). Compared with the control, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, determined by one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test. Scale bars are 1 mm (A, top image; B, inset), 4 mm (B, top image), and 300 μm (A, insets).