Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population, stratified by type of rapid antigen test and sampling method
| Test | BD-Veritor | SD-Biosensor | PanBio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method of sampling | Routinely used: OP-N | Routinely used: NP | Less invasive: OP-N | Routinely used: NP |
| Inclusion period | 12–30 Apr 2021 | 14–20 Apr 2021 | 3–17 May 2021 | 12–22 Apr 2021 |
| Sample size | N = 1441 | N = 1769 | N = 1689 | N = 2056 |
| Age [years], mean (SD)a | 41.1 (16.3) | 39.5 (15.5) | 37.5 (14.8) | 37.6 (14.8) |
| Sex, female n (%)b | 798 (55.6) | 894 (50.7) | 856 (50.8) | 1075 (52.4) |
| Testing indication, n (%)c | ||||
| Symptomatic | 501 (34.8) | 952 (53.8) | 759 (44.9) | 1273 (61.9) |
| Pre-/asymptomatic close contact of confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected individual | 800 (55.6) | 688 (38.9) | 752 (43.9) | 594 (28.9) |
| Others | 73 (5.1) | 92 (5.2) | 93 (5.5) | 91 (4.4) |
| Unknown | 67 (4.6) | 37 (2.1) | 85 (5.0) | 98 (4.8) |
| Vaccinated with at least one dose, n (%)d | 152 (10.5) | 96 (5.4) | 224 (13.3) | 167 (8.1) |
| Type of vaccine, n (%)e | ||||
| Astra Zeneca | 77 (50.7) | 48 (50.0) | 67 (29.9) | 113 (67.7) |
| Janssen | 7 (3.1) | |||
| Moderna | 7 (4.6) | 5 (5.2) | 19 (8.5) | 9 (5.4) |
| Pfizer | 63 (41.4) | 36 (37.5) | 121 (54.0) | 43 (25.7) |
| Unknown | 5 (3.3) | 7 (7.3) | 10 (4.5) | 2 (1.2) |
| Number of vaccinations received, n (%)e | ||||
| 1 | 107 (70.4) | 75 (78.1) | 169 (75.4) | 136 (81.4) |
| 2 | 31 (20.4) | 11 (11.5) | 33 (14.7) | 20 (12.0) |
| Unknown | 14 (9.2) | 10 (10.4) | 22 (9.8) | 11 (6.6) |
| At least one prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, n (%)f | 102 (7.1) | 187 (10.6) | 196 (11.6) | 134 (6.5) |
| Symptoms at time of sampling, n (%) | 662 (47.2) | 1091 (62.4) | 900 (55.0) | 1470 (74.2) |
| Symptom onset, n (%)g | ||||
| At day of sampling | 19 (2.9) | 91 (8.3) | 70 (7.8) | 240 (16.3) |
| A day before sampling | 189 (28.5) | 482 (44.2) | 374 (41.6) | 610 (41.5) |
| Two days before sampling | 218 (32.9) | 282 (25.8) | 209 (23.2) | 332 (22.6) |
| Three or more days before sampling | 252 (38.1) | 250 (22.9) | 247 (27.4) | 286 (19.5) |
| Unknown | 15 (2.3) | 15 (1.4) | 19 (2.1) | 20 (1.4) |
| Type of symptoms (self-reported), n (%)g,h | ||||
| Common cold | 570 (86.1) | 948 (86.9) | 768 (85.3) | 1349 (91.8) |
| Shortness of breath | 113 (17.1) | 137 (12.6) | 121 (13.4) | 197 (13.4) |
| Fever | 72 (10.9) | 146 (13.4) | 126 (14.0) | 157 (10.7) |
| Coughing | 308 (46.5) | 450 (41.2) | 342 (38.0) | 584 (39.7) |
| Loss of taste or smell | 24 (3.6) | 43 (3.9) | 41 (4.6) | 55 (3.7) |
| Muscle ache | 88 (13.3) | 137 (12.6) | 100 (11.1) | 143 (9.7) |
| Other symptoms | 37 (5.6) | 18 (1.6) | 54 (6.0) | 74 (5.0) |
In the Netherlands, individuals are notified of a close contact by the Dutch public health service test-and-trace programme and/or the Dutch contact-tracing mobile phone application (the CoronaMelder app) and/or an individual with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (index case)
NP deep nasopharyngeal, OP-N combined oropharyngeal and nasal sampling, SD standard deviation
aAge was not available from 3, 4, 4, and 2 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
bSex was not available from 6, 4, 3, and 4 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
cIndication for testing was referral for other reasons for 73, 92, 93, and 91 participants and unknown for 67, 37, 85, and 98 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
dCOVID-19 vaccination status was not available from 34, 14, 53, and 72 participants, including 7, 0, 4, and 7 with a positive molecular test result, in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
ePercentage calculated as the proportion of those vaccinated
fPrevious SARS-CoV-2 infection information was not available from 48, 14, 56, and 72 participants in the BD-Veritor group, SD-Biosensor NP group, SD-Biosensor OP-N group, and PanBio NP group, respectively
gPercentage calculated as the proportion of those with symptoms at the time of sampling
hTotals add up to a number higher than the number of individuals with symptoms at the time of sampling because individuals could report more than one symptom