Table 3.
Scoping review on vaccines for neonatal calf diarrhea: results of field trials for commercial bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus vaccines with natural challenge
| Author(s), year | Vaccine name, vaccine type, pathogens, route, recipient | Study Group name (number in group) | Outcome | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acres & Radostits, 1976 | Scourvax-Reo, modified live, BRV, oral, calf | 1. E. coli bacterin to cows, modified live BRV to calves (247) |
Incidence of calf diarrhea, diarrhea-specific mortality | No significant differences |
| 2. E. coli bacterin to cows, placebo to calves (268) |
Case fatality | Statistically higher in group 3 (placebo to cows, modified live BRV vaccine to calves) | ||
| 3. Placebo to cows, modified live BRV vaccine to calves (217) |
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| 4. Placebo to cows, placebo to calves (264) | ||||
| de Leeuw et al., 1980 | Scourvax-reo 1, modified live, BRV, BCV, oral, calf | 1. Vaccinated (74) | Incidence of BRV-associated diarrhea, Severity score of BRV-associated diarrhea, Incidence of undifferentiated diarrhea, Severity score of undifferentiated diarrhea |
No statistics provided; BRV excretion: 20/74 in vaccinated, 19/76 in placebo; severity score of BRV associated diarrhea: 3.0 in vaccinated versus 1.5 in placebo on farm A and 1.0 in vaccinated versus 1.1 in placebo on farm C (higher score = more severe). |
| 2. Placebo (76) | ||||
| Hudson, 1981 | Calf Guard, modified live, BRV, BCV, intramuscular, dam | 1. Vaccinated (3879) | Incidence of calf diarrhea, case fatality | Statistically lower in vaccinated |
| 2. Non-vaccinated (1891) | Number of treatments required for diarrhea | No statistics provided: 0.77% (30/3879) of vaccinated requiring two or more treatments versus 3.91% (74/1891) of controls | ||
| Bürki et al., 1983 | Calf Guard, modified live BRV, BCV oral, calf | 1. Vaccinated day 1 (31) | Incidence of diarrhea, severity of diarrhea | No statistics provided |
| 2. Vaccinated day 3 (24) | ||||
| 3. Unvaccinated control (4) | ||||
| Waltner-Toews et al., 1985 | Scourguard3, modified live BRV, BCV, K99 bacterin, intramuscular, dam | 1. Calves of vaccinated cows, trial A (182) | Treatment for diarrhea, mortality, days to first treatment or duration of treatment all diseases, days to first treatment or duration of treatment for diarrhea, estimated weight gain (trial A) | No significant differences |
| 2. Calves of placebo cows, trial A (95) | Calves treated for all diseases or treated for scours or treated for scours from day 5 – 14, mortality (trial B) | No significant differences | ||
| 1. Vaccinated herds, trial B (11 herds, n not stated) | Calves treated for all diseases from day 5 – 14 (trial B) | Statistically higher in vaccinated herds | ||
| 2. Non-vaccinated herds, trial B (12 herds, n not stated) | ||||
| McNulty & Logan, 1987 | Rotavec K99, killed, BRV, E. coli K99, intramuscular, dam | 1. Vaccinated (19) | Incidence of abnormal feces or diarrhea | No statistics provided; 1/19 in vaccinated versus 9/29 unvaccinated |
| 2. Unvaccinated (29) | ||||
| Kohara et al., 1997 | Lactovac, killed, BRV, BCV, Parvovirus, E. coli K99 pilus, subcutaneous, dam | 1. Vaccinated (48) | Incidence of diarrhea, mean age of onset, duration of diarrhea, mortality | No significant differences |
| 2. Unvaccianted (48) | ||||
| Le Rousic et al., 2000 | Lactovac, killed BRV, BCV, E. coli K99/F41 antigen, subcutaneous, dam | 1. Vaccinated (12) |
Severity score of BRV associated diarrhea | Statistically lower in vaccinated |
| 2. Unvaccinated (12) | Weight gain | No significant difference | ||
| Perk et al., 2000 | Rotavac, killed, E. coli K99 and BRV, route not stated, dam | 1. Vaccinated with Rotavac, trial 1 (190) | Morbidity, mortality, time to diarrhea, days of diarrhea, severity of diarrhea, number of treatments, trial 1 | No statistics provided; mortality in Rotavac group (16/190) versus Nobivac group (18/65). No numbers provided for other outcomes |
| 2. Vaccinated with Nobivac (E. coli K99), trial 1 (65) | Morbidity, mortality, time to diarrhea, days of diarrhea, severity of diarrhea, number of treatments, trial 2 | No significant differences between groups | ||
| 3. Vaccinated with Rotavac and 13 days of supplementary hyperimmune K99/RV colostrum, trial 2, n not stated | ||||
| 4. Vaccinated with Rotavac and 13 days of placebo, trial 2, n not stated | ||||
| Meganck et al., 2014 | Rotavec-Corona, killed, BRV, BCV, E. coli, intramuscular, dam | 1. Vaccinated, calves also treated with oral halofuginone (13 herds, n = 296) | Incidence of diarrhea | Statistically lower in treatment herds |
| 2. Control, no treatments (11 herds, n = 234) | Duration of diarrhea, mortality | No significant difference | ||
| Gomes Rocha et al., 2017 | Name not stated, killed, BRV, BCV, E. coli K99 bacterin, Clostridium perfringens toxoid, intramuscular, dam | 1. Vaccinated herd (28 calves) | Diarrheic fecal samples positive for BRV | No statistics provided; diarrheic fecal samples collected that are positive for BRV in vaccinated (6/77) versus unvaccinated (3/74). |
| 2. Non-vaccinated herd (28 calves) |