TABLE 3.
Program characteristics
| Recommended behaviors for family members1 | Respondents2 (total n = 183), n (%) |
|---|---|
| Maternal nutrition | |
| Encourage women to eat a diverse, adequate diet | 162 (89) |
| Encourage women to attend antenatal care | 154 (84) |
| Encourage women to rest during pregnancy | 124 (68) |
| Encourage adherence to micronutrient supplements | 116 (63) |
| Provide or purchase specific foods for pregnant or lactating women | 93 (51) |
| Infant and young child care and feeding | |
| Ensure mothers have time for exclusive breastfeeding and child feeding | 163 (89) |
| Share in parenting/caregiving responsibilities with the mother | 122 (67) |
| Practice responsive care behaviors | 118 (64) |
| Provide or purchase specific foods or supplements for infants and young children | 100 (55) |
| Provide opportunities for early learning | 80 (44) |
| Adolescent nutrition | |
| Purchase specific foods for adolescents | 48 (26) |
| Family and household | |
| Support health care–seeking behaviors | 137 (75) |
| Practice appropriate hygiene behaviors | 135 (74) |
| Encourage women to participate in household decision-making | 111 (61) |
| Promote gender equity | 96 (52) |
| Improve family communication | 90 (49) |
| Contribute to household chores | 75 (41) |
| Did not encourage specific behavior | 3 (2) |
| Other | 9 (5) |
| Activities used to engage family members1 | |
| Interpersonal communication | |
| Home visits | 129 (70) |
| Inviting family members to activities for mothers/women (e.g., mothers’ groups) | 121 (66) |
| Facility-based counseling | 99 (54) |
| Fathers’ groups | 86 (47) |
| Grandmothers’ groups | 48 (26) |
| Community mobilization/collective action | |
| Community events | 139 (76) |
| Income-generating activities/savings and loans groups | 72 (39) |
| Other communication | |
| Community media | 88 (48) |
| Mass media | 88 (48) |
| Print media | 87 (48) |
| mHealth (text messages, recorded messages, social media) | 54 (30) |
| Other | |
| Family-friendly health services/facilities | 76 (42) |
| Quality improvement initiatives | 60 (33) |
| Youth clubs/safe spaces for adolescent girls | 51 (28) |
| Worksite programs | 31 (17) |
| Were family members reached together or separately?1 | |
| Mothers and fathers reached together | 120 (66) |
| Fathers reached separately | 89 (49) |
| Mothers and grandmothers reached together | 83 (45) |
| All family members reached together | 77 (42) |
| Grandmothers reached separately | 51 (28) |
| Adolescents and parents reached together | 47 (26) |
| Adolescents and grandmothers reached together | 16 (9) |
| Other | 14 (8) |
| Who delivered the activities/interventions?1 | |
| Community workers/volunteers | 143 (78) |
| Health care providers | 116 (63) |
| Project or partner staff | 106 (58) |
| Community leaders | 94 (51) |
| Mother peer leaders | 74 (40) |
| Father peer leaders | 64 (35) |
| Religious leaders | 57 (31) |
| Grandmother peer leaders | 31 (17) |
| Other | 11 (6) |
1
Multiple outcomes allowed.
2
The survey sample (n = 183) was comprised of participants who reported previous experience engaging family members in program activities and completed >50% of the survey.