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. 2022 Jan 19;23(1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41435-021-00161-5

Fig. 1. Clinical setting of ICD-based GBM vaccination.

Fig. 1

After GBM resection, ICD will be induced using GBM cells from resected tumor tissue. Next, DC vaccine are prepared ex vivo by exposing autologous DCs to GBM cells dying through ICD. The vaccine contains GBM cells, which are avitalized after ICD induction, and DAMPs, which are either exposed, secreted or released. After applying to the patient, with tumor antigen presented by DCs, effective and GBM-specific T-cell response will be triggered and augmented. Remaining GBM cells will then be targeted to suppress GBM growth and regression. As a result, prolonged survival of the patient might occur.