Table 2.
Descriptive differences among ADHD/IED groups
| ADHD/IED group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LowADHD−IED (n = 67) | LowADHD+IED (n = 11) | HighADHD−IED (n = 33) | HighADHD+IED (n = 45) | ||
| n (AR) | n (AR) | n (AR) | n (AR) | χ2 (df) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 62 (2.8) | 11 (1.6) | 24 (− 1.7) | 32 (− 2.4) | 13.35 (3)** |
| Female | 5 (− 2.8) | 0 (− 1.6) | 9 (1.7) | 13 (2.4) | |
| Index offenses | |||||
| Bodily harm | 13 (− 0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 6 (− 0.6) | 12 (0.9) | 15.29 (15) |
| Property offenses | 29 (1.7) | 3 (− 0.6) | 9 (− 1.2) | 15 (− 0.4) | |
| Breach of narcotics law | 9 (− 0.9) | 4 (1.8) | 7 (0.8) | 6 (− 0.7) | |
| Beach of school law/excessive school skipping | 7 (− 0.8) | 1 (− 0.4) | 4 (− 0.1) | 8 (1.2) | |
| Driving without driver’s license | 6 (1.5) | 0 (− 0.9) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (− 1.2) | |
| Others | 3 (− 1.1) | 0 (− 0.9) | 5 (2.0) | 3 (− 0.1) | |
| YSR (categorical) | |||||
| Internalizing problems | 1 (− 5.0) | 1 (− 0.9) | 16 (4.6) | 13 (1.8) | 34.28 (3)*** |
| Externalizing problems | 9 (− 4.3) | 2 (− 1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 26 (4.4) | 26.13 (3)*** |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F (3, 152) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 18.21 (2.01) | 18.27 (1.42) | 18.88 (2.20) | 18.80 (2.35) | 1.10 |
| Length of detention (weeks) | 2.16 (0.73) | 2.09 (0.30) | 1.93 (0.50) | 2.16 (0.77) | 0.91 |
| Years of education | 9.38 (0.80) | 9.34 (0.67) | 9.27 (0.63) | 9.13 (0.79) | 1.07 |
| CTQ poly score | 2.07 (1.28)a | 2.27 (1.42)a, b | 2.49 (1.48)a, b | 2.96 (1.45)b | 3.70* |
| YSR (dimensional) | |||||
| Internalizing problems | 4.06 (4.48)a | 5.45 (8.99)a | 16.94 (14.78)b | 11.69 (9.37)a,b | 16.32*** |
| Externalizing problems | 6.84 (6.98)a | 9.72 (10.75)a, b | 14.12 (12.69)b | 18.29 (12.96)b | 11.29*** |
AR adjusted residuals. Significant deviations from expected distribution with AR ≤ − 2.0 or AR ≥ 2.0. Groups with the same subscripts (a, b, c, d) did not significantly differ from each other (p ≥ 0.05). *p < 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01,***p ≤ 0.001