Table 2.
Reasons for PI in IW-2017 and IW-2019
| Code | Reason for PI | IW-2017 (n = 2282) | IW-2019 (n = 2578) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADM 1 | Request/query concerning administration/compatibility | 19 | 0.83% | 21 | 0.81% | 0.945 |
| ADM 2 | Administration (route) | 38 | 1.67% | 34 | 1.32% | 0.319 |
| ADM 3 | Administration (duration) | 14 | 0.61% | 25 | 0.97% | 0.165 |
| ADM 4 | Incompatibility or incorrect preparation or reconstitution | 2 | 0.09% | 5 | 0.19% | 0.329 |
| ADM total | 73 | 3.20% | 85 | 3.30% | ||
| ADR | Adverse drug reaction | 79 | 3.46% | 45 | 1.75% | < 0.001 |
| CI | Contraindication | 77 | 3.37% | 96 | 3.72% | 0.512 |
| D 1 | Failure to adjust dose for organ dysfunction | 113 | 4.95% | 181 | 7.02% | 0.003 |
| D 2 | (Inappropriate) dose | 268 | 11.74% | 249 | 9.66% | 0.019 |
| D 3 | (Inappropriate) administration interval | 120 | 5.26% | 157 | 6.09% | 0.212 |
| D 4 | TDM not performed or not considered | 94 | 4.12% | 124 | 4.81% | 0.246 |
| D total | 595 | 26.07% | 711 | 27.58% | ||
| DR 1 | (Clear) indication not (or no longer) given | 291 | 12.75% | 271 | 10.51% | 0.015 |
| DR 2 | (Clear) indication, but no drug prescribed | 202 | 8.85% | 379 | 14.70% | < 0.001 |
| DR 3 | Drug allergy or medical history not considered | 26 | 1.14% | 9 | 0.35% | 0.010 |
| DR 4 | Double prescription | 82 | 3.59% | 74 | 2.87% | 0.154 |
| DR 5 | Dispensing error on the ward | 0 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.16% | 0.060 |
| DR 6 | Generic/therapeutic substitution | 92 | 4.03% | 57 | 2.21% | < 0.001 |
| DR 7 | Transcription error | 137 | 6.00% | 43 | 1.67% | < 0.001 |
| DR 8 | Inappropriate or not most suitable drug formulation in terms of indication | 35 | 1.53% | 111 | 4.31% | < 0.001 |
| DR 9 | Inappropriately or not most suitable drug in terms of costs | 14 | 0.61% | 8 | 0.31% | 0.116 |
| DR 10 | Inappropriate or not most suitable drug in terms of indication | 94 | 4.12% | 145 | 5.62% | 0.015 |
| DR 11 | Prescription/documentation incomplete/incorrect | 279 | 12.23% | 133 | 5.16% | < 0.001 |
| DR total | 1252 | 54.86% | 1234 | 47.87% | ||
| I | Interaction | 257 | 11.26% | 177 | 6.87% | < 0.001 |
| O 1 | Advisory service/drug choice | 153 | 6.70% | 112 | 4.34% | < 0.001 |
| O 2 | Advisory service/drug dose | 161 | 7.06% | 94 | 3.65% | < 0.001 |
| O 3 | Procurement/costs | 32 | 1.40% | 114 | 4.42% | < 0.001 |
| O 4 | Failure to discontinue relevant drugs pre-/perioperatively | 10 | 0.44% | 15 | 0.58% | 0.485 |
| O 5 | Patient counselling or education | 12 | 0.53% | 8 | 0.31% | 0.241 |
| O total | 368 | 16.13% | 343 | 13.30% | ||
Bold values in last column reflects statistically significant values
ADM administration, ADR adverse drug reaction, D dose, DR drug, I interaction, O other). As multiple choices of reasons per PI were possible, the sum of reasons is higher than the number of PI. Percentages are calculated on the number of PI