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. 2021 Jul 3;272(2):313–326. doi: 10.1007/s00406-021-01284-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Patient flow diagram. For the sake of simplicity, we used the term “comorbid schizophrenia and related disorders” and “substance use disorders” in the exclusion criteria. Of note, these terms refer to comorbid schizophrenia, schizotypal, delusional, and other non-mood psychotic disorders (F2 according to ICD-10), and comorbid mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F1 according to ICD-10), respectively