Table 1.
Loss of function of endocytosis-associated proteins in podocytes resulting in proteinuria.
| Protein | Characterization | References |
|---|---|---|
| Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2α (PI3KC2α) | PI3KC2α-deficient mice cause modest proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, loss of podocytes, and kidney failure | (16) |
| Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) | Podocyte-specific loss of Vps34 leads to early proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and kidney failure | (17–19) |
| Dynamin 1 and Dynamin2 | Loss of dynamin1 and dynamin2 in mice podocyte cause progressive proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and kidney failure | (20) |
| Synaptojanin1 | Loss of synpatojanin1 in mice results in severe proteinuria, foot process effacement | (20) |
| Endophilin1, 2 and 3 | Loss of endophilin 1, 2, and 3 in mice results in severe proteinuria, foot process effacement | (20) |
| CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) | Loss of CD2AO exhibits proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and kidney failure | (21) |
| Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) | Podocyte-specific loss of Gak causes progressive proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and kidney failure | (22) |
| CIN85 | CIN85 exon2 deletion ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular matrix accumulation in streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice; Overexpression of CIN85 in zebrafish causes severe edema, proteinuria, and effacement of foot process | (23) |
| Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) and beta (PKCβ) | PKCα inhibitor stabilizes nephrin expression and ameliorates the proteinuria in streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice Genetic loss of PKCα and PKCβ reduce the proteinuria in streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice Dual PKCα and PKCβ inhibitor ameliorate the proteinuria in the streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice and db/db type 2 diabetic mice | (24, 25) |
| Exoc5 (a central exocyst component) | Podocyte-specific loss of Exoc5 mice exhibit the massive proteinuria, mislocalization and/or loss of Neph1, Nephrin, foot process effacement and die within 4 weeks of age | (26) |
| Epsin | Loss of epsin1, epsin2, and epsin 3 results in progressive proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and kidney failure | (27) |