Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with ADHD and healthy control children.
| ADHD (n = 41) | Controls (n = 39) | Statistical valuesa | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (n, %) | 2.468 | 0.116 | ||
| Boy | 30 (73.2) | 22 (56.4) | ||
| Girl | 11 (26.8) | 17 (43.6) | ||
| Age (y) | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 10.0 ± 2.7 | −3.859 | <0.001* |
| Height (cm) | 128.2 ± 9.4 | 140.6 ± 15.0 | −4.156 | <0.001* |
| Weight (kg) | 29.2 ± 9.7 | 36.4 ± 13.4 | −2.576 | 0.012* |
| BMI | 17.5 ± 4.2 | 17.8 ± 4.3 | −0.315 | 0.754 |
| Way of delivery | 0.150 | 0.698 | ||
| Normal spontaneous delivery | 30 (73.2) | 30 (76.9) | ||
| Cesarean section | 11 (26.8) | 9 (23.1) | ||
| WISC-IV | ||||
| Full Scale Intelligence Quotient | 98.8 ± 11.1 | 108.7 ± 12.9 | −3.452 | 0.001* |
| Verbal Comprehension Index | 102.9 ± 13.7 | 104.5 ± 12.7 | −0.498 | 0.620 |
| Perceptual Reasoning Index | 96.7 ± 11.3 | 110.4 ± 14.8 | −4.371 | <0.001* |
| Working Memory Index | 101.3 ± 12.5 | 109.8 ± 11.1 | −3.019 | 0.004* |
| Processing Speed Index | 94.8 ± 9.2 | 102.8 ± 10.0 | −3.466 | 0.001* |
| Conners’ CPT | ||||
| Confidence Index | 67.8 ± 23.1 | 47.2 ± 22.9 | 3.732 | <0.001* |
| Omission | 64.0 ± 22.8 | 52.1 ± 10.1 | 2.825 | 0.007* |
| Commission | 50.3 ± 9.1 | 46.7 ± 10.0 | 1.584 | 0.118 |
| Hit Rate | 59.9 ± 13.4 | 55.8 ± 10.6 | 1.451 | 0.151 |
| Detectability | 51.3 ± 7.2 | 47.7 ± 10.8 | 1.617 | 0.110 |
| Clinical measures | ||||
| SNAP-IV parent form (I) | 16.4 ± 6.6 | 4.4 ± 5.5 | 8.229 | <0.001* |
| SNAP-IV parent form (H) | 14.5 ± 7.1 | 3.1 ± 4.5 | 8.046 | <0.001* |
| SNAP-IV teacher form (I) | 16.0 ± 6.2 | 3.5 ± 3.8 | 9.739 | <0.001* |
| SNAP-IV teacher form (H) | 12.1 ± 7.3 | 2.4 ± 2.9 | 6.857 | <0.001* |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%); CPT continuous performance test, SNAP-IV the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham–Version IV Scale for ADHD; WISC-IV the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition, I inattention scores, H hyperactivity/impulsivity scores.
aStatistical values are expressed as t-value or χ2: *p < 0.05.