Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between meningitis and nonmeningitis cases among adults in Japan, 2014⎼2018.
| Variables | Total IPD (n = 1480) | Meningitis (n = 222) | Nonmeningitis (n = 1258) | p-value by χ2 test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 883 (59.7%) | 133 (59.9%) | 750 (59.6%) | 0.935 |
| Median age (range) | 71 (15–103) | 66 (15–100) | 72 (16–103) | < 0.001* |
| 15–64 years | 467 (31.6%) | 98 (44.1%) | 369 (29.3%) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 65 years | 1013 (68.4%) | 124 (55.9%) | 889 (70.7%) | |
| Smoking history | 643 (43.4%) | 82 (36.9%) | 561 (44.6%) | 0.034 |
| Alcohol abuse | 257 (17.4%) | 43 (19.4%) | 214 (17.0%) | 0.392 |
| Immunocompromised conditions | 400 (27.0%) | 54 (24.3%) | 346 (27.5%) | 0.325 |
| Asplenia or hyposplenia or splenectomy | 59 (4.1%) | 21 (9.5%) | 38 (3.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Autoimmune disease | 101 (6.8%) | 10 (4.5%) | 91 (7.2%) | 0.137 |
| Corticosteroid therapy | 108 (7.3%) | 13 (5.9%) | 95 (7.6%) | 0.370 |
| Solid organ cancer | 151 (10.2%) | 14 (6.3%) | 137 (10.9%) | 0.037 |
| Hematologic cancer | 60 (4.1%) | 5 (2.3%) | 55 (4.4%) | 0.140 |
| Anti-cancer agent | 106 (7.2%) | 11 (5.0%) | 95 (7.6%) | 0.167 |
| Fatal outcome | 244 (16.5%) | 22 (9.9%) | 222 (17.6%) | 0.004 |
| 15–64 years | 58/467 (12.4%) | 7/98 (7.1%) | 51/369 (13.8%) | 0.075 |
| ≥ 65 years | 186/1013 (18.4%) | 15/124 (12.1%) | 171/889 (19.2%) | 0.054 |
| Vaccination history of PCV13 | 4 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.3%) | > 0.999** |
| Vaccination history of PPSV23 | 147 (9.9%) | 24 (10.8%) | 123 (9.8%) | 0.635 |
*Mann–Whitney nonparametric U test, **Fisher’s exact test.